World Economic Situation and Prospects WESP

Country classification

Data sources, country classifications and aggregation methodology
The statistical annex contains a set of data that the World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) employs to delineate trends in various dimensions of the world economy.

Data sources

The annex was prepared by the Development Policy and Analysis Division (DPAD) of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UN/DESA). It is based on information obtained from the Statistics Division and the Population Division of UN/DESA, as well as from the five United Nations regional commissions, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the (United Nations World Tourism OrganizationUNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and national and private sources. Estimates for the most recent years were made by DPAD in consultation with the regional commissions, UNCTAD, UNWTO and participants in Project LINK, an international collaborative research group for econometric modelling coordinated jointly by DPAD and the University of Toronto. Forecasts for 2013 and 2014 are primarily based on the World Economic Forecasting Model of DPAD, with support from Project LINK.

Data presented in WESP may differ from those published by other organizations for a series of reasons, including differences in timing, sample composition and aggregation methods. Historical data may differ from those in previous editions of WESP because of updating and changes in the availability of data for individual countries.

Country classifications

For analytical purposes, WESP classifies all countries of the world into one of three broad categories: developed economies, economies in transition and developing economies. The composition of these groupings, specified in tables A, B and C, is intended to reflect basic economic country conditions. Several countries (in particular the economies in transition) have characteristics that could place them in more than one category; however, for purposes of analysis, the groupings have been made mutually exclusive. Within each broad category, some subgroups are defined based either on geographical location or onad hoc criteria, such as the subgroup of “major developed economies”, which is based on the membership of the Group of Seven. Geographical regions for developing economies are as follows: Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.[Names and composition of geographical areas follow those specified in the statistical paper entitled “Standard country or area codes for statistical use” (ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev. 4).] In parts of the analysis, a distinction is made between fuel exporters and fuel importers from among the economies in transition and the developing countries. An economy is classified as a fuel exporter if the share of fuel exports in its total merchandise exports is greater than 20 per cent and the level of fuel exports is at least 20 per cent higher than that of the country’s fuel imports. This criterion is drawn from the share of fuel exports in the total value of world merchandise trade. Fuels include coal, oil and natural gas (table D).

Data presented in WESP may differ from those published by other organizations for a series of reasons, including differences in timing, sample composition and aggregation methods. Historical data may differ from those in previous editions of WESP because of updating and changes in the availability of data for individual countries.

For other parts of the analysis, countries have been classified by their level of development as measured by per capita gross national income (GNI). Accordingly, countries have been grouped as high-income, upper middle income, lower middle income and low-income (table E). To maintain compatibility with similar classifications used elsewhere, the threshold levels of GNI per capita are those established by the World Bank.

Countries with less than $1,025 GNI per capita are classified as low-income countries, those with between $1,026 and $4,035 as lower middle income countries, those with between $4,036 and $12,475 as upper middle income countries, and those with incomes of more than $12,476 as high-income countries. GNI per capita in dollar terms is estimated using the World Bank Atlas method, [See http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications.] and the classification in table E is based on data for 2011.

The list of the least developed countries (LDCs) is decided upon by the United Nations Economic and Social Council and, ultimately, by the General Assembly, on the basis of recommendations made by the Committee for Development Policy. The basic criteria for inclusion require that certain thresholds be met with regard to per capita GNI, a human assets index and an economic vulnerability index. [Handbook on the Least Developed Country Category: Inclusion, Graduation and Special Support Measures (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.07.II.A.9).
Available from http://www.un.org/esa/analysis/devplan/cdppublications/2008cdphandbook.pdf.] As at 30 November 2012, there were 48 LDCs (table F).

WESP also makes reference to the group of heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs), which are considered by the World Bank and IMF as part of their debt-relief initiative (the Enhanced HIPC Initiative).[IMF, Debt Relief Under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative. Available from http://www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/pdf/hipc.pdf.] In September 2012, there were 39 HIPCs (see table G).

Aggregation methodology

Aggregate data are either sums or weighted averages of individual country data. Unless otherwise indicated, multi-year averages of growth rates are expressed as compound annual percentage rates of change. The convention followed is to omit the base year in a multi-year growth rate. For example, the 10-year average growth rate for the decade of the 2000s would be identified as the average annual growth rate for the period from 2001 to 2010.

WESP utilizes exchange-rate conversions of national data in order to aggregate output of individual countries into regional and global totals. The growth of output in each group of countries is calculated from the sum of gross domestic product (GDP) of individual countries measured at 2005 prices and exchange rates. Data for GDP in 2005 in national currencies were converted into dollars (with selected adjustments) and extended forwards and backwards in time using changes in real GDP for each country.

This method supplies a reasonable set of aggregate growth rates for a period of about 15 years, centred on 2005.

The exchange-rate based method differs from the one mainly applied by the IMF and the World Bank for their estimates of world and regional economic growth, which is based on purchasing power parity (PPP) weights. Over the past two decades, the growth of world gross product (WGP) on the basis of the exchange-rate based approach has been below that based on PPP weights. This is because developing countries, in the aggregate, have seen significantly higher economic growth than the rest of the world in the 1990s and 2000s and the share in WGP of these countries is larger under PPP measurements than under market exchange rates.

Global Economic Outlook (GEO) Database

The Global Economic Outlook (GEO) database contains selected macroeconomic indicators from the analysis and projections reported in the World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP). The WESP is released in January and an update is released in June each year.

There are two options to access data: the graphical interface and the traditional database.

The StatPlanet interactive map provides country-level GDP growth and inflation rates from year 2000 onwards, with baseline forecasts given for the current and coming year. Access the data from the interactive graphical interface. Annex Tables are created with GEO data, OECD, StatPlanet, UNSTATS and tools used by DESA in cooperation with LINK Projecct, Toronto University and a lot more already cited above.

List of tables

Table A

Developed economies

Table B

Economies in transition

Table C

Developing economies by region

Table D

Fuel-exporting countries

Table E

Economies by per capita GNI in 2011

Table F

Least developed countries

Table G

Heavily indebted poor countries

Table H

Small island developing States

Table I

Landlocked developing countries

Annex

List of Annex tables

A. 1

Developed economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004-2014

A. 2

Economies in transition: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004.2014

A. 3

Developing economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004.2014

A. 4

Developed economies: consumer price inflation, 2004.2014

A. 5

Economies in transition: consumer price inflation, 2004.2014

A. 6

Developing economies: consumer price inflation, 2004.2014

A. 7

Developed economies: unemployment rates, 2004.2014

A. 8

Economies in transition and developing economies: unemployment rates, 2003.2012

A. 9

Major developed economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010.2012

A.10

Selected economies in transition: quarterly indicators of growth and inflation, 2010.2012

A.11

Major developing economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010.2012

A.12

Major developed economies: financial indicators, 2003.2012

A.13

Selected economies: real effective exchange rates, broad measurement, 2003.2012

A.14

Indices of prices of primary commodities, 2003.2012

A.15

World oil supply and demand, 2004.2013

A.16

World trade: changes in value and volume of exports and imports, by major country group, 2004.2014

A.17

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, summary table, 2003.2011

A.18

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, 2003.2011

A.19

Net ODA from major sources, by type, 1990.2011

Table A

Developed economies

Table A Developed economies
Europe			Other countries	Major developed economies (G7)
European Union		Other Europe
EU-15	New EU member States	Other Europe
Austria	Bulgaria	Iceland	Australia	Canada
Belgium	Cyprus	Norway	Canada	Japan
Denmark	Czech Republic	Switzerland	Japan	France
Finland	Estonia		New Zealand	Germany
France	Hungary		United States	Italy
Germany	Latvia			United Kingdom
Greece	Lithuania			United States
Ireland	Malta
Italy	Poland
Luxembourg	Romania
Netherlands	Slovakia
Portugal	Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Source:	UN/DESA. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013

Table B

Economies in transition

Table B Economies in transition
South-Eastern Europe		Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgia [a]
Albania		Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina		Azerbaijan
Croatia		Belarus
Montenegro		Georgia [a]
Serbia		Kazakhstan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia		Kyrgyzstan
		Republic of Moldova
		Russian Federation
		Tajikistan
		Turkmenistan
		Ukraine
		Uzbekistan
Source	UN/DESA. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
[a]	Georgia officially left the Commonwealth of Independent States on 18 August 2009. However, its performance is discussed in the context of this group of countries for reasons of geographic proximity and similarities in economic structure.

Table C

Developing economies by region

Developing economies by region [a]
Africa			Asia		Latin America and the Caribbean
	North Africa			East Asia		Caribbean
	Algeria			Brunei Darussalam		Barbados
	Egypt			China		Cuba
	Libya (b)			Hong Kong SAR [c]		Dominican Republic
	Morocco			Indonesia		Guyana
	Tunisia			Malaysia		Haiti
	Sub-Saharan Africa Central Africa			Myanmar		Jamaica
						Trinidad and Tobago
	Cameroon			Papua New Guinea		Mexico and Central America
	Central African Republic			Philippines		Costa Rica
	Chad			Republic of Korea		El Salvador
	Congo			Singapore		Guatemala
	Equatorial Guinea			Taiwan Province of China		Honduras
	Gabon			Thailand		Mexico
	Sao Tome and Prinicipe			Viet Nam		Nicaragua
	East Africa			South Asia		Panama
	Burundi			Bangladesh		South America
	Comoros			India		Argentina
	Democratic Republic of the Congo			Iran (Islamic Republic of )		Bolivia (Plurinational State of )
	Djibouti			Nepal		Brazil
	Eritrea			Pakistan		Chile
	Ethiopia			Sri Lanka		Colombia
	Kenya			Western Asia		Ecuador
	Madagascar			Bahrain		Paraguay
	Rwanda			Iraq		Peru
	Somalia			Israel		Uruguay
	Sudan			Jordan		Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of )
	Uganda			Kuwait
	United Republic of Tanzania			Lebanon
	Southern Africa			Oman
	Angola			Qatar
	Botswana			Saudi Arabia
	Lesotho			Syrian Arab Repuplic
	Malawi			Turkey
	Mauritius			United Arab Emirates
	Mozambique			Yemen
	Namibia
	South Africa
	Zambia
	Zimbabwe
	West Africa
	Benin
	Burkina Faso
	Cape Verde
	Côte d’Ivoire
	Gambia
	Ghana
	Guinea
	Guinea-Bissau
	Liberia
	Mali
	Mauritania
	Niger
	Nigeria
	Senegal
	Sierra Leone
	Togo
	a	Economies systematically monitored by the Global Economic Monitoring Unit of DPAD.
	b	The name of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya was officially changed to Libya on 16 September 2011.
	c	Special Administrative Region of China.
	Source	UN/DESA. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013

Table D

Fuel-exporting countries

Table D Fuel-exporting countries
Economies in transition		Developing countries
Economies in transition		Latin America and the Caribbean	Africa	East Asia	South Asia	Western Asia
Azerbaijan		Bolivia (Plurinational State of )	Algeria	Brunei Darussalam	Iran (Islamic Republic of )	Bahrain
Kazakhstan		Colombia	Angola	Indonesia		Iraq
Russian Federation		Ecuador Trinidad and Tobago	Cameroon			Kuwait
Turkmenistan			Chad			Oman
Uzbekistan		Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of )	Congo			Qatar
			Côte d'Ivoire			Saudi Arabia
			Egypt			United Arab Emirates
			Equatorial Guinea			Yemen
			Gabon
			Libya
			Nigeria
			Sudan
Source:	UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013

Table E

Economies by per capita GNI in 2011 (a)

High-income	Upper middle income	Lower middle income	Low-income
Table E Economies by per capita GNI in 2011 (a)
Australia	Algeria	Albania (d)	Bangladesh
Austria	Angola (c)	Armenia	Benin
Bahrain	Argentina	Bolivia (Plurinational State of )	Burkina Faso
Barbados	Azerbaijan	Cameroon	Burundi
Belgium	Belarus	Cape Verde	Central African Republic
Brunei Darussalam	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Congo	Chad
Canada	Botswana	Côte d'Ivoire	Comoros
Croatia	Brazil	Djibouti	Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cyprus	Bulgaria	Egypt	Eritrea
Czech Republic	Chile	El Salvador	Ethiopia
Denmark	China	Georgia	Gambia
Equatorial Guinea	Colombia	Ghana	Guinea
Estonia	Costa Rica	Guatemala	Guinea-Bissau
Finland	Cuba	Guyana	Haiti
France	Dominican Republic	Honduras	Kenya
Germany	Ecuador	India	Kyrgyzstan
Greece	Gabon	Indonesia	Liberia
Hong Kong SAR (b)	Iran (Islamic Republic of )	Iraq	Madagascar
Hungary	Jamaica	Lesotho	Malawi
Iceland	Jordan	Morocco	Mali
Ireland	Kazakhstan	Nicaragua	Mauritaniad
Israel	Latvia	Niger	Mozambique
Italy	Lebanon	Nigeria	Myanmar
Japan	Libya	Pakistan	Nepal
Kuwait	Lithuania	Paraguay	Niger
Montenegro	Malaysia	Philippines	Rwanda
Luxembourg	Mauritius	Republic of Moldova	Sierra Leone
Malta	Mexico	Sao Tome and Prinicipe	Somalia
Netherlands	Namibia	Senegal	Tajikistan
New Zealand	Panama	Sri Lanka	Togo
Norway	Papua New Guinea	Sudan	Uganda
Oman	Peru	Syrian Arab Repuplic	United Republic of Tanzania
Poland	Romania	Ukraine	Zimbabwe
Portugal	Russian Federation	Uzbekistan
Qatar	Serbia	Viet Nam
Republic of Korea	South Africa	Yemen
Saudi Arabia	Thailand	Zambia
Singapore	The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Slovakia	Tunisia
Slovenia	Turkey
Spain	Turkmenistanc
Sweden	Uruguay
Switzerland	Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of )
Taiwan Province of China
Trinidad and Tobago
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
(a)	Economies systematically monitored for the World Economic Situation and Prospects report and included in the United Nations’ global economic forecast.
(b)	Special Administrative Region of China.
(c)	Indicates the country has been shifted upward by one category from previous year’s classification.
(d)	Indicates the country has been shifted downward by one category from previous year’s classification.
Source:	UN/DESA. World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013

World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013

Table F

Least developed countries

Least developed countries
As of November 2011
Africa	East Asia	South Asia	Western Asia	Latin America and the Caribbean
Angola	Cambodia (a)	Afghanistan (a)	Yemen	Haiti
Benin	Kiribati (a)	Bangladesh
Burkina Faso	Lao People’s Democratic Republic (a)	Bhutan (a)
Burundi	Myanmar
Central African Republic	Samoa (a), (b)
Chad	Solomon Islands (a)
Comoros	Timor Leste (a)
Democratic Republic of the Congo	Tuvalu (a)
Djibouti	Vanuatu (a)
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Sudan
Togo
Uganda
United Republic of Tanzania
Zambia
Note:	At its sixty-seventh session, the United Nations General Assembly will formally include the Republic of South Sudan, which became a State Member of the United Nations on 14 July 2011, in the least developed country category.
(a)	Not included in the WESP discussion because of insufficient data.
(b)	Samoa will graduate from the list of the least developed countries in January 2014.
Source;

Table G

Heavily indebted poor countries

Heavily indebted poor countries
As of September 2012
Post-completion point HIPCs (a)	Interim HIPCs (b)	Pre-decision point HIPCs (c)
Afghanistan	Chad	Eritrea
Benin	Comoros	Somalia
Bolivia		Sudan
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Congo
Côte d'Ivoire
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ethiopia
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mozambique
Nicaragua
Niger
Rwanda
Sao Tome and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
Uganda
United Republic of Tanzania
Zambia
Source:	World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
Note:	South Sudan is not eligible or potentially eligible for debt relief under the HIPC Initiative given that, as a newly created country, it cannot meet the HIPC indebtedness criterion which is bound by the end-2004 and end-2010 cut-off dates. See, IMF, “Eligibility to use the Fund’s facilities for concessional financing: Republic of South Sudan”, 1 August 2012, available from http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2012/080112.pdf.
(a)	Countries that have qualified for irrevocable debt relief under the HIPC Initiative.
(b)	Countries that have qualified for assistance under the HIPC Initiative (that is to say, have reached decision point), but have not yet reached completion point.
(c)	Countries that are potentially eligible and may wish to avail themselves of the HIPC Initiative or the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI).

Table H

Small island developing States

Small island developing States
American Samoa	Mauritius
Anguilla	Micronesia (Federated States of )
Antigua and Barbuda	Montserrat
Aruba	Nauru
Bahamas	Netherlands Antilles
Barbados	New Caledonia
Belize	Niue
British Virgin Islands	Palau
Cape Verde	Papua New Guinea
Commonwealth of Northern Marianas	Puerto Rico
Comoros	Samoa
Cook Islands	Sao Tome and Principe
Cuba	Seychelles
Dominica	Singapore
Dominican Republic	Solomon Islands
Fiji	St. Kitts and Nevis
French Polynesia	St. Lucia
Grenada	St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Guam	Suriname
Guinea-Bissau	Timor-Leste
Guyana	Tonga
Haiti	Trinidad and Tobago
Jamaica	Tuvalu
Kiribati	U.S. Virgin Islands
Maldives	Vanuatu
Marshall Islands

Table I

Landlocked developing countries

Landlocked developing countries
Afghanistan	Republic of Moldova
Armenia	Mongolia
Azerbaijan	Nepal
Bhutan	Niger
Bolivia (Plurinational State of )	Paraguay
Botswana	Rwanda
Burkina Faso	Swaziland
Burundi	Tajikistan
Central African Republic	The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Chad	Turkmenistan
Ethiopia	Uganda
Kazakhstan	Uzbekistan
Kyrgystan	Zambia
Lao People's Democratic Republic	Zimbabwe
Lesotho
Malawi
Mali

Statistical annex - Country classification Data sources, country classifications and aggregation methodology http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_current/2013country_class.pdf

Annex

List of Annex Tables

http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/wesp/wesp_current/2013annex_tables.pdf

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Global Economic Outlook (GEO) Database

There are two options to access data: the graphical interface and the traditional database.

---------------

Table A.1

Developed economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004–2014

Developed economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004–2014
Table A.1	Annual percentage change
Table A.1	2004 - 2011 a	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 b	2013 c	2014 c
Developed economies	1.1	2.9	2.4	2.8	2.6	0.0	-3.8	2.6	1.4	1.1	1.1	2.0
United States	1.2	3.5	3.1	2.7	1.9	-0.3	-3.1	2.4	1.8	2.1	1.7	2.7
Canada	1.7	3.2	3.1	2.7	2.1	1.1	-2.8	3.2	2.6	1.8	1.5	2.8
Japan	0.3	2.4	1.3	1.7	2.2	-1.0	-5.5	4.5	-0.7	1.5	0.6	0.8
Australia	2.7	3.8	3.3	2.6	4.9	2.2	1.5	2.4	2.3	3.0	2.6	3.3
New Zealand	1.2	4.3	3.1	2.3	2.9	-0.2	-2.3	1.7	1.3	2.1	2.1	2.7
European Union	1.2	2.6	2.1	3.3	3.2	0.3	-4.3	2.1	1.5	-0.3	0.6	1.7
EU-15	1.0	2.4	1.9	3.1	3.0	0.1	-4.4	2.1	1.4	-0.4	0.5	1.6
Austria	1.7	2.6	2.4	3.7	3.7	1.4	-3.8	2.1	2.7	0.8	1.3	2.0
Belgium	1.4	3.3	1.8	2.7	2.9	1.0	-2.8	2.4	1.8	-0.3	0.5	1.5
Denmark	0.4	2.3	2.4	3.4	1.6	-0.8	-5.8	1.3	0.8	1.1	1.2	1.3
Finland	1.4	4.1	2.9	4.4	5.3	0.3	-8.5	3.3	2.7	1.5	1.2	1.6
France	0.9	2.5	1.8	2.5	2.3	-0.1	-3.1	1.7	1.7	0.1	0.3	1.1
Germany	1.5	1.2	0.7	3.7	3.3	1.1	-5.1	4.2	3.0	0.8	1.0	1.8
Greece	-0.5	4.4	2.3	5.5	3.0	-0.2	-3.3	-3.5	-6.9	-6.1	-1.8	0.6
Ireland	1.3	4.4	5.9	5.4	5.4	-2.1	-5.5	-0.8	1.4	0.5	1.7	2.4
Italy	0.0	1.7	0.9	2.2	1.7	-1.2	-5.5	1.8	0.4	-2.4	-0.3	1.4
Luxembourg	2.3	4.4	5.3	4.9	6.6	-0.7	-4.1	2.9	1.7	-0.1	0.9	2.0
Netherlands	1.4	2.2	2.0	3.4	3.9	1.8	-3.7	1.6	1.0	-0.5	0.7	1.4
Portugal	0.2	1.6	0.8	1.4	2.4	0.0	-2.9	1.4	-1.7	-3.2	-2.2	0.2
Spain	1.2	3.3	3.6	4.1	3.5	0.9	-3.7	-0.3	0.4	-1.6	-1.4	0.8
Sweden	2.2	4.2	3.2	4.3	3.3	-0.6	-5.0	6.6	3.9	1.7	1.8	2.8
United Kingdom	0.9	2.9	2.8	2.6	3.6	-1.0	-4.0	1.8	0.9	-0.3	1.2	2.3
New EU member States	3.3	5.6	4.8	6.5	6.0	4.1	-3.6	2.3	3.1	1.2	2.0	2.9
Bulgaria	3.1	6.7	6.4	6.5	6.4	6.2	-5.5	0.4	1.7	1.0	2.3	3.5
Cyprus	2.3	4.2	3.9	4.1	5.1	3.6	-1.9	1.1	0.5	-1.2	0.5	1.3
Czech Republic	3.1	4.7	6.8	7.0	5.7	3.1	-4.5	2.5	1.7	-0.9	1.1	2.0
Estonia	2.5	6.3	8.9	10.1	7.5	-4.2	-14.1	3.3	8.3	3.0	3.0	3.5
Hungary	0.7	4.8	4.0	3.9	0.1	0.9	-6.8	1.3	1.6	-1.0	0.6	2.2
Latvia	1.6	8.9	10.1	11.2	9.6	-3.3	-17.7	-0.9	5.5	4.0	4.0	4.0
Lithuania	2.7	7.4	7.8	7.8	9.8	2.9	-14.8	1.5	5.9	3.0	3.0	3.0
Malta	2.4	-0.5	3.7	2.9	4.3	4.1	-2.7	2.3	2.1	-0.7	1.1	1.8
Poland	4.5	5.3	3.6	6.2	6.8	5.1	1.6	3.9	4.3	2.6	2.6	3.5
Romania	2.7	8.5	4.2	7.9	6.3	7.3	-6.6	-1.6	2.5	1.0	2.3	3.0
Slovakia	4.7	5.1	6.7	8.3	10.5	5.8	-4.9	4.4	3.2	2.4	2.0	2.6
Slovenia	1.9	4.4	4.0	5.8	7.0	3.4	-7.8	1.2	0.6	-2.0	0.5	2.2
Other Europe	1.7	3.2	2.8	3.2	3.4	1.2	-1.9	1.9	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.9
Iceland	1.5	7.8	7.2	4.7	6.0	1.2	-6.6	-4.0	2.6	2.6	2.7	2.6
Norway	1.2	4.0	2.6	2.5	2.7	0.0	-1.7	0.7	1.4	3.5	2.2	2.4
Switzerland	2.2	2.4	2.7	3.8	3.8	2.2	-1.9	3.0	1.9	0.3	0.8	1.4
Memorandum items:
North America	1.2	3.4	3.1	2.7	1.9	-0.2	-3.0	2.5	1.9	2.1	1.7	2.7
Western Europe	1.2	2.6	2.1	3.3	3.2	0.4	-4.2	2.1	1.5	-0.2	0.6	1.7
Asia and Oceania	0.7	2.6	1.6	1.8	2.6	-0.5	-4.4	4.1	-0.2	1.7	1.0	1.3
Major developed economies	1.0	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.3	-0.3	-3.9	2.8	1.4	1.2	1.2	2.1
Euro area	1.0	2.2	1.7	3.3	3.0	0.4	-4.4	2.1	1.5	-0.5	0.3	1.4
Source:	UN/DESA, based on data of the United Nations Statistics Division and individual national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
Note:	Country groups are calculated as a weighted average of individual country growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP), where weights are based on GDP in 2005 prices and exchange rates.
	a	Average percentage change.
	b	Partly estimated.
	c	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.

Table A.2

Economies in transition: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004–2014

Economies in transition: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004–2014
Table A.2	Annual percentage change
Table A.2	2004 - 2011 a	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 b	2013 c	2014 c
Economies in transition	4.3	7.7	6.5	8.3	8.6	5.2	-6.6	4.4	4.5	3.5	3.6	4.2
South-Eastern Europe	2.3	5.8	5.1	4.8	5.5	3.7	-4.3	0.4	1.1	-0.6	1.2	2.6
Albania	4.8	5.7	5.8	5.4	5.9	7.5	3.3	3.9	2.0	1.5	2.5	3.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3.5	6.3	8.0	6.0	6.1	5.6	-2.9	0.7	1.7	0.2	1.0	2.1
Croatia	1.1	4.1	4.3	4.9	5.1	2.1	-6.9	-1.4	0.0	-1.3	0.8	2.5
Montenegro	4.2	4.4	4.2	8.6	10.7	6.9	-5.7	2.5	3.2	0.4	1.5	3.0
Serbia	2.4	9.3	5.4	3.6	5.4	3.8	-3.5	1.0	1.6	-1.0	1.3	2.8
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	3.6	4.6	4.4	5.0	6.1	5.0	-0.9	2.9	3.0	1.0	2.3	2.5
Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgiad	4.5	7.9	6.7	8.7	8.9	5.3	-6.8	4.8	4.8	3.8	3.8	4.4
Net fuel exporters	4.6	7.3	7.0	8.8	8.9	5.4	-6.3	4.7	4.7	4.0	3.8	4.4
Azerbaijan	15.3	10.2	26.4	34.5	25.1	10.8	9.3	5.0	0.1	1.2	2.5	3.8
Kazakhstan	6.9	9.6	9.7	10.6	8.9	3.3	1.2	7.3	7.5	5.5	5.0	5.5
Russian Federation	4.0	7.2	6.4	8.2	8.5	5.2	-7.8	4.3	4.3	3.7	3.6	4.2
Turkmenistan	11.5	5.0	13.0	11.4	11.8	14.7	6.1	9.2	14.7	9.0	8.0	7.0
Uzbekistan	8.2	7.7	7.0	7.3	9.5	9.0	8.1	8.5	8.3	7.0	6.9	6.1
Net fuel importers	3.7	11.4	5.0	8.1	8.4	4.6	-9.8	5.2	5.4	2.8	3.3	4.3
Armenia	5.4	10.5	13.9	13.2	13.7	6.9	-14.1	2.2	4.7	3.8	4.0	4.0
Belarus	7.3	11.4	9.4	10.0	8.6	10.2	0.2	7.7	5.3	3.9	3.1	5.0
Georgiad	6.1	5.9	9.6	9.4	12.3	2.3	-3.8	6.3	7.2	4.8	5.0	4.0
Kyrgyzstan	3.9	7.0	-0.2	3.1	8.5	8.4	2.9	-0.5	5.7	0.2	3.5	4.0
Republic of Moldova	4.3	7.4	7.5	4.8	3.0	7.8	-6.0	7.1	6.4	0.6	2.0	3.0
Tajikistan	6.7	10.3	6.7	6.6	7.8	7.6	4.0	6.5	7.4	7.0	5.7	5.0
Ukraine	1.8	12.1	2.7	7.3	7.9	2.3	-14.8	4.2	5.2	2.0	3.2	4.0
Source:	UN/DESA, based on data of the United Nations Statistics Division and individual national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
Note:	Country groups are calculated as a weighted average of individual country growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP), where weights are based on GDP in 2005 prices and exchange rates.
	a	Average percentage change.
	b	Partly estimated.
	c	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
	d	Georgia officially left the Commonwealth of Independent States on 18 August 2009. However, its performance is discussed in the context of this group of countries for reasons of geographic proximity and similarities in economic structure.

Table A.3

Developing economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004-2014

Developing economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004-2014
Table A.3	Annual percentage change
Table A.3	2004 - 2011 (a)	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (b)	2013 (c)	2014 (c)
Developing countries (d)	6.2	7.2	6.8	7.6	7.9	5.1	2.7	7.7	5.7	4.7	5.1	5.6
Africa	4.5	5.9	5.8	5.9	6.2	5.2	2.7	4.7	1.1	5.0	4.8	5.1
North Africa	2.9	4.8	5.1	5.4	4.7	4.6	3.2	4.1	-6.0	7.5	4.4	4.9
Sub-Saharan Africa	5.2	6.4	6.1	6.2	6.9	5.5	2.5	5.0	4.5	3.9	5.0	5.2
Net fuel exporters	4.6	6.7	6.6	5.9	7.0	5.9	4.2	5.1	-2.1	6.4	5.2	5.4
Net fuel importers	4.4	5.1	5.0	5.9	5.4	4.6	1.4	4.3	4.2	3.7	4.4	4.8
East and South Asia	7.7	7.8	8.1	9.0	9.9	5.8	5.5	9.0	6.8	5.5	6.0	6.3
East Asia	7.9	7.9	8.0	9.2	10.2	6.4	5.2	9.2	7.1	5.8	6.2	6.5
South Asia	7.1	7.5	8.2	8.3	8.9	3.3	7.0	8.3	5.8	4.4	5.0	5.7
Net fuel exporters	5.4	5.2	5.7	6.0	7.2	3.9	4.4	6.1	4.7	3.2	3.7	4.7
Net fuel importers	8.0	8.1	8.3	9.3	10.2	6.0	5.6	9.3	7.0	5.7	6.2	6.5
Western Asia	4.8	8.4	6.6	6.9	4.7	3.8	-1.5	6.7	6.7	3.3	3.3	4.1
Net fuel exporters	5.0	8.5	6.0	7.3	4.4	5.6	-0.6	5.7	6.6	4.9	3.9	3.5
Net fuel importers	4.6	8.3	7.3	6.4	5.1	1.9	-2.5	7.8	6.9	1.6	2.7	4.7
Latin America and the Caribbean	4.0	5.9	4.6	5.7	5.6	4.0	-1.9	6.0	4.3	3.1	3.9	4.4
South America	4.8	7.1	5.1	5.6	6.7	5.4	-0.2	6.5	4.5	2.7	4.0	4.4
Mexico and Central America	2.5	4.1	3.4	5.3	3.6	1.5	-5.3	5.4	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.6
Caribbean	5.0	3.7	8.1	10.3	6.4	3.5	0.9	3.5	2.7	2.9	3.7	3.8
Net fuel exporters	4.6	10.6	7.1	8.0	7.0	4.6	-0.7	1.6	5.0	4.5	3.6	3.9
Net fuel importers	3.9	5.2	4.2	5.3	5.4	3.9	-2.1	6.7	4.2	2.9	4.0	4.5
Memorandum items
Least developed countries	6.7	7.7	7.9	7.9	9.0	7.8	5.1	5.8	3.7	3.7	5.7	5.5
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Nigeria and South Africa)	6.0	6.6	6.7	6.7	8.1	6.7	4.0	5.5	4.4	3.9	5.5	5.3
Africa sub-regions as classified by the Economic Commission for Africa (e)
Central Africa	4.5	9.3	5.3	2.5	5.9	5.0	3.0	4.8	5.0	5.0	4.7	4.4
Eastern Africa	6.6	7.0	7.6	7.0	7.6	6.7	4.4	7.0	6.3	5.6	6.1	6.2
North Africa	3.3	4.9	5.2	5.8	5.2	4.9	3.7	4.1	-5.6	5.4	4.2	4.6
Southern Africa	4.5	5.3	6.1	6.7	7.3	4.9	-0.3	3.5	3.7	3.5	4.1	4.4
West Africa	5.9	7.6	5.8	5.1	5.6	5.9	5.6	6.8	6.5	6.3	6.6	6.8
East Asia (excluding China)	4.5	5.9	5.0	5.7	6.0	2.8	0.2	7.7	4.2	3.1	3.7	4.2
South Asia (excluding India)	4.9	5.9	6.0	6.2	7.1	2.1	4.1	5.4	3.4	1.5	2.3	3.5
Western Asia (excluding Israel and Turkey)	4.9	8.4	5.9	7.0	4.6	5.6	0.0	5.6	6.0	3.6	3.4	3.7
Arab States (f)	4.3	7.2	5.6	6.6	4.8	5.4	1.2	5.1	2.2	4.1	3.6	3.9
Landlocked developing economies	7.1	7.6	8.3	9.1	8.7	6.6	3.4	7.4	6.5	4.9	5.3	5.3
Small island developing economies	5.4	6.0	7.2	8.6	7.4	3.0	0.1	8.4	3.7	2.1	2.9	3.5
Major developing economies
Argentina	7.4	9.0	9.2	8.5	8.7	6.8	0.8	9.2	8.9	2.5	3.2	4.2
Brazil	4.0	5.7	3.2	4.0	6.1	5.2	-0.3	7.5	2.7	1.3	4.0	4.4
Chile	4.5	7.0	6.2	5.7	5.2	3.3	-1.0	6.1	6.0	5.1	4.6	4.9
China	10.9	10.1	11.3	12.7	14.2	9.6	9.2	10.3	9.2	7.7	7.9	8.0
Colombia	4.8	5.3	4.7	6.7	6.9	3.5	1.7	4.0	5.9	4.4	4.5	4.8
Egypt	5.3	4.1	4.5	6.8	7.1	7.2	4.6	5.2	1.8	1.1	3.2	4.7
Hong Kong SAR (g)	4.5	8.5	7.1	7.0	6.4	2.3	-2.6	7.0	5.0	1.4	2.5	3.1
India	8.1	8.3	9.3	9.3	9.8	3.9	8.2	9.6	6.9	5.5	6.1	6.5
Indonesia	5.8	5.0	5.7	5.5	6.3	6.0	4.6	6.2	6.5	6.2	6.2	6.3
Iran, Islamic Republic of	4.5	5.1	5.3	6.1	8.3	0.6	4.0	5.9	2.0	-1.9	-0.9	1.5
Israel	4.5	4.9	4.9	5.8	5.9	4.1	1.1	5.0	4.6	2.9	2.8	6.0
Korea, Republic of	3.8	4.6	4.0	5.2	5.1	2.3	0.3	6.3	3.6	2.1	3.0	3.5
Malaysia	4.6	6.8	5.3	5.6	6.3	4.8	-1.5	7.2	5.1	5.0	4.4	4.9
Mexico	2.3	4.1	3.2	5.2	3.3	1.2	-6.0	5.5	3.9	3.9	3.8	4.6
Nigeria	6.8	10.5	6.5	6.0	6.5	6.3	6.9	7.8	7.4	6.4	6.8	7.2
Pakistan	4.4	7.4	7.7	6.2	5.7	1.6	3.6	3.5	3.0	3.8	4.2	4.4
Peru	7.1	5.0	6.8	7.7	8.9	9.8	0.8	8.8	6.9	6.0	5.8	5.6
Philippines	4.7	6.7	4.8	5.2	6.6	4.2	1.1	7.6	3.7	6.2	5.4	5.5
Saudi Arabia	3.8	5.3	5.6	3.2	2.0	4.2	0.1	4.6	6.8	5.5	3.7	3.0
Singapore	6.4	9.2	7.4	8.8	8.9	1.7	-1.0	14.8	4.9	1.4	2.5	3.3
South Africa	3.5	4.6	5.3	5.6	5.5	3.6	-1.5	2.9	3.1	2.5	3.1	3.8
Taiwan Province of China	4.2	6.2	4.7	5.4	6.0	0.7	-1.8	10.7	4.0	1.1	2.4	2.9
Thailand	3.2	6.3	4.2	4.9	5.4	1.6	-1.1	7.5	0.1	5.3	4.6	5.0
Turkey	4.7	9.4	8.4	6.9	4.7	0.7	-4.8	9.2	8.5	3.0	3.4	4.2
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	4.7	18.3	10.3	9.9	8.8	5.3	-3.2	-1.5	4.0	5.1	2.5	2.9
Source:	UN/DESA, based on data of the United Nations Statistics Division and individual national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
Note:	Country groups are calculated as a weighted average of individual country growth rates of gross domestic product (GDP), where weights are based on GDP in 2005 prices and exchange rates.
	a	Average percentage change.
	b	Partly estimated.
	c	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
	d	Covering countries that account for 98 per cent of the population of all developing countries.
	e	The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa maintains a classification of countries which is not fully compatible with the current WESP classification.
	f	Currently includes data for Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
	g	Special Administrative Region of China.

Table A.4

Developed economies: consumer price inflation, 2004–2014

Developed economies: consumer price inflation, 2004–2014
Table A.4	Annual percentage change (a)
Table A.4	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (b)	2013 (c)	2014 (c)
Developed economies	2.0	2.4	2.3	2.1	3.5	-0.1	1.8	2.6	1.9	1.5	1.8
United States	2.7	3.7	3.2	2.6	4.3	-0.8	2.5	3.1	2.0	1.3	1.8
Canada	1.9	2.2	2.0	2.1	2.4	0.3	1.8	2.9	1.7	1.9	1.9
Japan	0.0	-0.3	0.2	0.1	1.4	-1.3	-0.7	-0.3	0.3	0.4	1.8
Australia	2.3	2.7	3.5	2.3	4.4	1.8	2.8	3.4	1.7	2.5	2.0
New Zealand	2.3	3.0	3.4	2.4	4.0	2.1	2.3	4.0	1.2	1.8	2.1
European Union	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.2	3.5	0.8	2.0	3.0	2.4	2.0	1.9
EU-15	1.9	2.1	2.2	2.1	3.3	0.7	1.9	3.0	2.3	1.9	1.8
Austria	2.0	2.1	1.7	2.2	3.2	0.4	1.7	3.6	2.3	2.0	2.0
Belgium	1.9	2.5	2.3	1.8	4.5	0.0	2.3	3.5	0.6	2.9	0.9
Denmark	0.9	1.7	1.9	1.7	3.6	1.1	2.2	2.6	2.3	1.5	1.3
Finland	0.1	0.8	1.3	1.6	3.9	1.6	1.7	3.3	2.9	2.2	1.6
France	2.3	1.9	1.9	1.6	3.2	0.1	1.7	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.1
Germany	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.3	2.8	0.2	1.2	2.5	1.9	1.8	1.6
Greece	3.0	3.5	3.3	3.0	4.2	1.4	4.7	3.1	1.1	0.4	1.0
Ireland	2.3	2.2	2.7	2.9	3.1	-1.7	-1.6	1.2	2.0	1.3	1.5
Italy	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.0	3.5	0.8	1.6	2.9	2.9	1.8	2.1
Luxembourg	2.2	2.5	2.7	2.3	3.4	0.4	2.3	3.7	2.6	2.7	2.0
Netherlands	1.4	1.5	1.7	1.6	2.2	1.0	0.9	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.0
Portugal	2.5	2.1	3.0	2.4	2.7	-0.9	1.4	3.6	2.8	1.9	1.5
Spain	3.1	3.4	3.6	2.8	4.1	-0.2	2.1	3.1	2.4	2.4	2.2
Sweden	1.0	0.8	1.5	1.7	3.4	1.9	1.9	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.3
United Kingdom	1.3	2.1	2.3	2.3	3.6	2.2	3.3	4.5	2.7	2.0	1.7
New EU member States	5.1	3.4	3.1	4.1	6.0	3.1	2.9	3.8	3.7	3.2	2.8
Bulgaria	6.4	6.0	7.3	7.6	12.3	2.5	3.0	3.4	2.9	3.0	3.5
Cyprus	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.4	4.7	0.4	2.5	3.5	3.6	2.6	3.0
Czech Republic	2.6	1.6	2.1	3.0	6.2	0.6	1.3	2.2	3.0	2.7	2.5
Estonia	3.0	4.1	4.4	6.6	10.4	0.2	3.0	5.0	4.0	3.8	3.0
Hungary	6.8	3.5	4.0	7.9	6.0	4.0	4.8	4.0	5.7	4.5	3.5
Latvia	6.2	6.9	6.5	10.1	15.4	3.3	-1.0	4.2	2.5	2.7	2.5
Lithuania	1.1	2.7	3.8	5.7	11.1	4.2	1.2	4.1	3.4	3.0	3.0
Malta	2.9	3.3	2.6	1.7	3.8	2.8	0.5	2.8	2.9	3.9	1.0
Poland	3.6	2.2	1.3	2.6	4.2	4.0	2.7	3.9	3.6	3.0	2.8
Romania	12.0	8.9	6.6	4.8	7.9	5.6	6.2	5.8	3.5	4.0	3.0
Slovakia	7.5	2.8	4.3	1.9	3.9	0.9	0.7	4.1	3.7	2.4	2.5
Slovenia	3.6	2.5	2.5	3.8	5.5	0.9	2.1	2.1	2.5	2.1	1.9
Other Europe	0.8	1.4	1.8	0.9	3.0	0.9	1.5	0.7	0.1	0.7	1.3
Iceland	3.3	4.1	6.7	5.1	12.7	12.0	5.4	4.0	5.3	3.5	3.8
Norway	0.6	1.5	2.5	0.7	3.4	2.3	2.4	1.3	0.9	1.6	2.1
Switzerland	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	2.3	-0.7	0.6	0.1	-0.7	-0.1	0.5
Memorandum items:
North America	2.6	3.6	3.1	2.6	4.1	-0.7	2.4	3.1	2.0	1.3	1.8
Western Europe	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.2	3.5	0.8	1.9	2.9	2.3	2.0	1.8
Asia and Oceania	0.4	0.2	0.7	0.5	1.9	-0.8	-0.1	0.3	0.5	0.7	1.8
Major developed economies	1.9	2.4	2.3	2.0	3.4	-0.3	1.7	2.5	1.8	1.4	1.8
Euro area	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.1	3.3	0.3	1.6	2.7	2.2	2.0	1.9
Source:	UN/DESA, based on OECD, Main Economic Indicators; Eurostat; and individual national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Data for country groups are weighted averages, where weights for each year are based on 2005 GDP in United States dollars.
b	Partly estimated.
c	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model

Table A.5

Economies in transition: consumer price inflation, 2004–2014

Economies in transition: consumer price inflation, 2004–2014
Table A.5	Annual percentage change (a)
Table A.5	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (b)	2013 (c)	2014 (c)
Economies in transition	9.9	11.7	9.2	9.0	14.6	10.7	6.8	9.5	6.6	7.4	5.8
South-Eastern Europe	4.0	6.4	5.7	3.6	7.8	3.4	2.8	5.0	3.9	3.4	3.3
Albania	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.9	3.3	2.3	3.6	3.6	2.3	2.5	2.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	-0.5	3.7	6.1	1.5	7.4	-0.3	2.2	3.7	2.5	2.5	3.0
Croatia	2.1	3.3	3.2	2.9	6.0	2.4	1.1	2.3	3.2	2.6	2.7
Montenegro	2.1	2.7	3.0	4.3	9.0	3.9	0.5	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.7
Serbia	11.0	16.1	11.7	6.4	12.4	8.2	6.2	11.2	6.5	5.8	5.0
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	-0.4	0.5	3.2	2.3	8.3	-0.8	1.5	3.9	3.2	3.0	2.6
Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgiad	10.5	12.2	9.5	9.5	15.2	11.4	7.2	9.9	6.9	7.7	6.1
Net fuel exporters	10.4	12.2	9.7	9.3	14.3	11.1	7.0	8.6	5.3	7.1	5.8
Azerbaijan	6.7	9.5	8.2	16.6	20.7	1.4	5.8	8.0	2.3	2.6	4.1
Kazakhstan	6.9	7.5	8.6	10.8	17.1	7.3	7.2	8.4	5.1	6.5	5.0
Russian Federation	10.9	12.7	9.7	9.0	14.0	11.7	7.0	8.5	5.1	7.0	5.7
Turkmenistan	5.9	10.7	8.2	6.3	14.5	-2.6	4.6	11.1	10.3	12.1	10.0
Uzbekistan	6.6	10.0	14.2	12.3	12.7	14.1	9.5	12.8	14.0	13.0	11.0
Net fuel importers	10.8	11.8	8.4	11.2	21.2	13.4	8.8	18.2	17.2	12.0	7.9
Armenia	7.0	0.6	2.9	4.4	8.9	3.4	8.2	7.7	4.2	4.3	4.3
Belarus	18.3	10.4	7.0	8.2	14.8	12.9	7.7	52.5	68.1	28.0	15.5
Georgia (d)	5.7	8.2	9.2	9.2	10.1	1.8	7.1	8.5	0.5	4.3	3.0
Kyrgyzstan	4.1	4.4	5.6	10.1	24.5	6.9	8.1	16.6	3.1	5.0	5.0
Republic of Moldova	12.5	12.0	12.8	12.3	12.8	-0.1	7.4	7.5	4.4	4.4	5.0
Tajikistan	7.1	7.2	10.0	13.4	20.9	6.4	6.5	12.5	12.4	8.0	9.0
Ukraine	9.0	13.5	9.1	12.8	25.2	15.9	9.4	8.0	2.3	8.0	6.0
Source:	UN/DESA, based on data of the Economic Commission for Europe. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Data for country groups are weighted averages, where weights for each year are based on 2005 GDP in United States dollars.
b	Partly estimated.
c	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
d	Georgia officially left the Commonwealth of Independent States on 18 August 2009. However, its performance is discussed in the context of this group of countries for reasons of geographic proximity and similarities in economic structure.

Table A.6

Developing economies: consumer price inflation, 2004-2014

Table A.6	Developing economies: consumer price inflation, 2004-2014
	Annual percentage change (a)
	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (b)	2013 (c)	2014 (c)
Developing countries by region	5.2	4.9	5.3	19.4	8.2	4.3	5.5	6.4	5.4	5.2	5.0
Africa	7.8	8.2	12.4	157.6	10.9	7.8	6.4	8.0	8.1	6.6	5.9
North Africa	4.7	2.6	4.1	5.3	9.2	5.9	5.3	7.2	6.4	5.1	4.7
Sub-Saharan Africa	9.3	11.0	16.6	234.0	11.7	8.7	6.9	8.4	9.0	7.3	6.6
Net fuel exporters	9.8	8.2	5.9	6.0	10.9	8.6	8.7	9.6	10.1	8.1	6.9
Net fuel importers	5.9	8.1	18.4	298.4	10.9	7.0	4.3	6.5	6.3	5.2	5.1
East and South Asia	4.1	3.6	3.7	4.9	7.4	2.9	5.0	6.2	4.8	4.7	4.8
East Asia	3.5	2.9	2.7	3.9	6.0	0.6	3.2	4.9	2.9	3.1	3.4
South Asia	6.2	6.4	7.1	8.6	12.5	11.2	11.5	11.2	11.6	10.6	9.9
Net fuel exporters	9.3	11.2	11.9	10.5	17.0	8.0	7.2	12.3	11.7	10.6	9.9
Net fuel importers	3.5	2.8	2.8	4.3	6.4	2.3	4.8	5.6	4.1	4.1	4.3
Western Asia	4.7	5.4	7.1	7.2	10.3	4.1	5.8	4.8	5.1	4.5	4.4
Net fuel exporters	3.1	4.3	6.3	7.6	10.9	3.0	4.3	4.0	3.7	3.6	3.8
Net fuel importers	6.3	6.4	7.9	6.7	9.6	5.3	7.2	5.7	6.5	5.4	4.9
Latin America and the Caribbean	7.0	6.1	5.1	5.3	7.7	6.0	6.0	6.9	6.0	6.0	5.5
South America	7.0	7.1	5.7	5.7	8.8	6.7	7.1	8.8	7.2	7.3	6.7
Mexico and Central America	4.9	4.4	3.9	4.3	5.7	5.1	4.2	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.6
Caribbean	25.8	6.1	7.4	8.6	10.3	3.0	5.6	7.6	4.7	5.4	5.2
Net fuel exporters	12.0	9.4	8.2	10.8	17.7	14.5	13.9	13.1	12.0	12.2	11.3
Net fuel importers	6.2	5.6	4.6	4.5	6.2	4.7	4.8	6.0	5.1	5.1	4.7
Memorandum items
Least developed countries	10.6	10.4	9.0	9.5	13.8	8.5	8.3	11.7	12.3	9.9	8.1
Sub-Saharan Africa (excluding Nigeria and South Africa)	15.2	15.7	30.3	499.4	13.1	8.8	6.8	10.2	10.9	8.5	7.0
Africa sub-regions as classified by the Economic Commission for Africa (d)
Central Africa	0.4	3.9	4.3	1.1	6.5	4.3	2.9	2.0	3.8	3.4	3.4
East Africa	7.4	10.8	10.9	10.7	21.7	12.6	7.2	19.5	14.4	10.0	8.6
North Africa	5.1	3.2	4.4	5.6	9.7	6.4	6.2	8.1	8.6	6.7	5.5
Southern Africa	10.1	10.6	25.9	473.1	10.2	7.7	5.4	5.7	5.9	4.9	5.1
West Africa	10.9	14.1	7.3	5.5	11.2	9.4	9.1	8.5	9.8	8.7	8.0
East Asia (excluding China)	3.1	3.9	3.9	3.1	6.1	1.9	3.0	4.2	3.0	3.1	3.2
South Asia (excluding India)	11.1	11.1	9.9	13.1	21.3	11.7	10.6	15.8	16.2	14.1	12.9
Western Asia
(excluding Israel and Turkey)	3.1	4.3	6.4	7.3	11.2	2.9	4.5	4.0	4.7	3.9	3.9
Arab Statese	4.0	3.9	6.0	6.8	10.7	4.1	5.1	5.4	6.1	4.9	4.4
Landlocked developing economies	13.4	16.7	39.6	710.1	15.5	6.4	5.9	9.2	7.9	7.5	6.5
Small island developing economies	10.4	2.9	3.7	4.6	7.7	1.8	3.8	5.8	4.7	4.6	3.9
Major developing economies
Argentina	4.4	9.6	10.9	8.8	8.6	6.3	10.8	15.7	11.3	10.2	9.8
Brazil	6.6	6.8	4.2	3.6	5.6	4.9	5.0	6.5	5.3	5.8	5.0
Chile	1.1	3.1	3.4	4.4	8.7	0.3	1.4	4.4	3.0	2.5	3.0
China	3.9	1.9	1.6	4.8	6.0	-0.6	3.5	5.5	2.8	3.1	3.7
Colombia	5.9	5.0	4.3	5.5	7.0	4.2	2.3	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.1
Egypt	11.3	4.9	7.6	9.3	18.3	11.8	11.3	11.5	8.3	9.1	8.0
Hong Kong SARf	-0.4	0.9	2.1	2.0	4.2	0.6	2.4	5.3	3.9	3.2	3.0
India	3.8	4.2	5.8	6.4	8.3	10.9	12.0	8.9	9.4	8.9	8.4
Indonesia	6.0	10.5	13.1	6.5	10.2	4.4	5.1	5.4	4.3	4.8	4.9
Iran, Islamic Republic of	14.8	13.4	11.9	17.2	25.5	13.5	10.1	20.6	23.0	20.0	18.0
Israel	-0.4	1.3	2.1	0.5	4.6	3.3	2.7	3.4	2.4	2.1	3.0
Korea, Republic of	3.6	2.8	2.2	2.5	4.7	2.8	2.9	4.0	2.3	2.6	2.9
Malaysia	1.5	3.0	3.6	2.0	5.4	0.6	1.7	3.2	1.7	2.3	2.5
Mexico	4.7	4.0	3.6	4.0	5.1	5.3	4.2	3.4	4.0	3.7	3.5
Nigeria	15.0	17.9	8.2	5.4	11.5	11.5	13.5	10.8	12.5	11.0	9.8
Pakistan	7.4	9.1	7.9	7.6	20.3	13.6	13.9	11.9	9.7	8.5	8.2
Peru	3.7	1.6	2.0	1.8	5.8	2.9	1.5	3.4	3.6	3.1	2.5
Philippines	4.8	6.5	5.5	2.9	8.3	4.1	3.9	4.6	3.3	3.7	3.9
Saudi Arabia	0.3	0.7	2.2	4.2	9.9	5.1	5.4	5.0	4.9	4.4	4.0
Singapore	1.7	0.4	1.0	2.1	6.5	0.6	2.9	5.3	5.2	4.4	3.2
South Africa	-0.7	2.0	3.2	6.2	10.1	7.2	4.1	5.0	5.2	4.2	4.6
Taiwan Province of China	1.6	2.3	0.6	1.8	3.5	-0.9	1.0	1.4	2.1	1.9	1.8
Thailand	2.8	4.5	4.6	2.3	5.4	-0.9	3.3	3.8	3.1	3.5	3.2
Turkey	8.6	8.2	9.6	8.8	10.4	6.3	8.6	6.5	6.4	6.2	5.5
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	21.7	16.0	13.7	18.7	31.4	28.6	29.1	26.0	23.1	24.2	22.5
Source:	UN/DESA, based on IMF, International Financial Statistics. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Data for country groups are weighted averages, where weights are based on GDP in 2005 prices and exchange rates.
b	Partly estimated.
c	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
d	The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa maintains a classification of countries which is not fully compatible with the current WESP classification.
e	Currently includes data for Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
f	Special Administrative Region of China.

Table A.7

Developed economies: unemployment rates,a, b 2004–2014

Developed economies: unemployment rates,a, b 2004–2014
Table A.7	Percentage of labour force
Table A.7	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (c)	2013 (d)	2014 (d)
Developed economies	7.2	6.9	6.3	5.8	6.1	8.4	8.8	8.5	8.6	8.7	8.5
United States	5.5	5.1	4.6	4.6	5.8	9.3	9.6	9.0	8.1	7.7	7.3
Canada	7.2	6.8	6.3	6.0	6.1	8.3	8.0	7.5	7.4	7.4	7.1
Japan	4.7	4.4	4.1	3.8	4.0	5.1	5.1	4.6	4.7	5.1	5.0
Australia	5.4	5.0	4.8	4.4	4.2	5.6	5.2	5.1	5.4	5.5	5.7
New Zealand	4.1	3.8	3.9	3.7	4.2	6.1	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.2	5.8
European Union	9.2	9.0	8.3	7.2	7.0	9.0	9.6	9.6	10.4	10.9	10.6
EU-15	8.3	8.3	7.8	7.1	7.2	9.1	9.6	9.6	10.6	11.1	10.9
Austria	5.0	5.2	4.8	4.4	3.8	4.8	4.4	4.1	4.4	4.6	4.6
Belgium	8.4	8.4	8.3	7.5	7.0	7.9	8.3	7.2	7.4	7.6	7.2
Denmark	5.5	4.8	3.9	3.8	3.4	6.1	7.4	7.6	7.9	8.1	7.8
Finland	8.8	8.4	7.7	6.9	6.4	8.2	8.4	7.8	7.7	7.6	7.5
France	9.3	9.3	9.3	8.4	7.8	9.5	9.7	9.6	10.4	10.9	10.7
Germany	10.5	11.3	10.3	8.7	7.5	7.8	7.1	6.0	5.5	5.6	5.8
Greece	10.5	9.9	8.9	8.3	7.7	9.5	12.6	17.7	24.0	26.2	27.7
Ireland	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.6	6.3	11.9	13.7	14.4	14.9	14.5	13.8
Italy	8.0	7.7	6.8	6.1	6.7	7.8	8.4	8.4	10.6	11.5	11.3
Luxembourg	5.0	4.6	4.6	4.2	4.9	5.1	4.6	4.8	5.4	6.4	6.4
Netherlands	5.1	5.3	4.3	3.6	3.1	3.7	4.5	4.5	5.2	5.7	5.8
Portugal	6.8	7.7	7.8	8.1	7.7	9.6	11.0	12.9	15.6 (F)	18.2	15.9
Spain	10.9	9.2	8.5	8.3	11.3	18.0	20.1	21.6	24.8 (G)	26.2	25.2
Sweden	7.4	7.6	7.0	6.1	6.2	8.3	8.4	7.5	7.6	7.9	7.7
United Kingdom	4.7	4.8	5.4	5.3	5.7	7.6	7.8	8.0	8.1	8.4	8.3
New EU member States	12.8	11.9	10.0	7.7	6.5	8.4	9.8	9.6	9.9	10.2	9.6
Bulgaria	12.0	10.1	9.0	6.9	5.6	6.8	10.2	11.0	11.7	11.2	10.3
Cyprus	4.7	5.5	4.7	4.1	3.8	5.5	6.4	7.9	12.1	12.9	13.2
Czech Republic	8.3	7.9	7.1	5.3	4.4	6.7	7.1	6.9	7.5	8.3	7.7
Estonia	10.0	7.9	5.9	4.6	5.4	13.8	16.8	12.3	11.4	10.9	9.5
Hungary	6.1	7.2	7.5	7.4	7.8	10.0	11.1	10.8	11.2	10.4	9.9
Latvia	9.9	8.9	6.8	6.0	7.5	17.1	18.6	15.4	16.0	15.3	14.7
Lithuania	11.3	8.3	5.6	4.3	5.8	13.7	17.8	15.3	15.5	14.9	14.5
Malta	7.2	7.3	6.9	6.5	6.0	6.9	6.9	6.5	6.3	6.3	6.2
Poland	19.0	17.8	13.9	9.6	7.1	8.2	9.6	9.8	10.0	11.0	10.1
Romania	7.7	7.2	7.3	6.4	5.8	6.9	7.3	7.3	7.1	6.9	6.7
Slovakia	18.4	16.4	13.5	11.2	9.6	12.1	14.5	12.6	13.9	13.8	13.7
Slovenia	6.3	6.5	6.0	4.9	4.4	5.9	7.3	7.3	8.1	8.8	8.5
Other Europe	4.3	4.3	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.9	4.2	3.8	3.1	3.6	3.6
Iceland (e)	3.1	2.6	2.9	2.3	3.0	7.2	7.6	7.1	6.6	6.2	5.9
Norway	4.3	4.5	3.4	2.5	2.6	3.2	3.6	3.2	3.0	3.2	3.1
Switzerland	4.3	4.3	3.9	3.6	3.3	4.3	4.4	3.9	3.0	3.7	3.7
Memorandum items
Major developed economies	6.4	6.2	5.8	5.5	5.9	8.1	8.2	7.7	7.5	7.5	7.3
Euro area	9.2	9.2	8.5	7.6	7.6	9.6	10.1	10.1	11.3	11.8	11.6
Source:	UN/DESA, based on data of the OECD and Eurostat. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Unemployment data are standardized by the OECD and Eurostat for comparability among countries and over time, in conformity with the definitions of the International Labour Organization (see OECD, Standardized Unemployment Rates: Sources and Methods (Paris, 1985)).
b	Data for country groups are weighted averages, where labour force is used for weights.
c	Partly estimated.
d	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model.
e	Not standardized.
F	Acording to latest IMF data [IMF Executive Board Concludes 2012 Article IV Consultation with Portugal Public Information Notice (PIN) No. 13/07 January 18, 2013 ], portuguese unemployment edging up to about 16¼ percent in recent months
G	Spain - 6000.000 Unemployed

Table A.8

Economies in transition and developing economies: unemployment rates,a 2003-2012

Table A.8	Economies in transition and developing economies: unemployment rates,a 2003-2012
Table A.8	Percentage of labour force
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (b)
South-Eastern Europe
Albania (c)	15.0	14.4	14.1	13.8	13.2	12.5	13.6	13.5	13.3	13.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	..	..	..	31.1	29.0	23.4	24.1	27.2	27.6	28.0
Croatia	13.9	13.7	12.6	11.1	9.6	8.4	9.1	12.3	14.2	14.8
Montenegro	33.4	31.1	30.3	29.6	19.4	16.8	19.1	19.7	19.7	20.0
Serbia	14.6	18.5	20.8	20.9	18.1	13.6	16.1	19.2	23.0	25.5
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	36.7	37.2	37.3	36.0	34.9	33.8	32.2	32.0	31.4	31.2
Commonwealth of Independent States and Georgia (d)
Armeniac	10.2	9.4	7.6	7.2	6.4	6.3	6.8	7.1	6.0	5.8
Azerbaijan	10.7	8.4	7.6	6.8	6.5	6.0	5.9	5.6	5.4	5.4
Belarusc	3.1	1.9	1.5	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.5
Georgiad	11.5	12.6	13.8	13.6	13.3	16.5	16.9	16.3	15.1	14.3
Kazakhstan	8.8	8.4	8.1	7.8	7.3	6.6	6.6	5.8	5.4	5.2
Kyrgyzstanc	2.9	2.9	3.3	3.5	3.3	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.5
Republic of Moldovac	7.9	8.1	7.3	7.4	5.1	4.0	6.4	7.4	6.7	7.0
Russian Federation	8.2	7.8	7.2	7.2	6.1	6.4	8.4	7.5	6.6	6.1
Tajikistanc	2.3	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.1	2.1	2.2	2.1	2.1
Turkmenistanc	2.5	..	3.7	..	3.6	2.5	2.2	2.0	2.3	2.1
Ukraine	9.1	8.6	7.2	7.4	6.6	6.4	8.8	8.1	8.0	8.3
Uzbekistanc	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa
Algeria	23.7	17.7	15.3	12.3	13.8	11.3	10.2	10.0	10.0	..
Botswana	23.8	..	..	17.6	20.2	..	..	17.8	..	..
Egypt	11.9	10.3	11.2	10.7	8.9	8.7	9.4	9.0	12.2	12.6
Mauritius	7.7	8.4	9.6	9.1	8.5	7.2	7.3	7.8	7.9	8.0
Morocco	11.9	10.8	11.0	9.7	9.8	9.6	9.1	9.1	8.9	..
South Africa	29.8	27.0	26.6	25.5	23.3	22.9	24.0	24.9	24.2	24.5
Tunisiae	..	..	12.9	12.5	12.4	12.4	13.3	13.0	16.0	18.1
Developing America
Argentina (f), (g)	17.3	13.6	11.6	10.2	8.5	7.9	8.7	7.7	7.2	7.3
Barbados	11.0	9.8	9.1	8.7	7.4	8.1	10.0	10.8	11.2	12.1
Boliviaf	9.2	6.2	8.1	8.0	7.7	6.7	7.9	6.1	5.8	..
Brazilh, (i)	12.3	11.5	9.8	10.0	9.3	7.9	8.1	6.7	6.0	5.7
Chile	9.5	10.0	9.2	7.7	7.1	7.8	10.8	8.2	7.1	6.5
Colombia (j)	16.4	15.1	13.6	12.5	11.1	11.3	12.6	11.9	10.9	10.9
Costa Rica	6.7	6.7	6.9	6.0	4.8	4.8	8.5	7.1	7.7 ..
Dominican Republic	16.7	18.4	17.9	16.2	15.6	14.1	14.9	14.3	14.6	14.5
Ecuador (k)	11.6	9.7	8.5	8.1	7.4	6.9	8.5	7.6	6.0	4.8
El Salvador	6.9	6.8	7.8	6.6	6.3	5.9	7.3	7.0	..	..
Guatemala	3.4	3.1	..	..	..	..	..	3.5	4.1	..
Honduras	7.6	8.0	6.5	4.9	4.0	4.1	4.9	6.4	6.8	..
Jamaica	11.4	11.7	11.3	10.3	9.8	10.6	11.4	12.4	12.6	13.7
Mexico	4.6	5.3	4.7	4.6	4.8	4.9	6.7	6.4	6.0	5.8
Nicaragua	10.2	9.3	7.0	7.0	6.9	8.0	10.5	9.7	..	..
Panama	15.9	14.1	12.1	10.4	7.8	6.5	7.9	7.7	5.4	5.4
Paraguay (f)	11.2	10.0	7.6	8.9	7.2	7.4	8.2	6.8	7.0	7.2
Peru (f),	l 9.4	9.4	9.6	8.5	8.4	8.4	8.4	7.9	7.7	7.5
Trinidad and Tobago	10.5	8.4	8.0	6.2	5.6	4.6	5.3	5.9	5.8	..
Uruguay (f)	16.9	13.1	12.2	11.4	9.6	7.9	7.6	7.1	6.3	5.8
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	18.0	15.3	12.4	09.9	8.4	7.3	7.9	8.7	8.3	8.6
Developing Asia
China	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.3	4.2	4.1	4.1
Hong Kong SAR (m)	7.9	6.8	5.6	4.8	4.0	3.5	5.3	4.3	3.4	3.3
India	..	5.0	..	..	..	..	9.4	..	..	..
Indonesia	9.7	9.9	11.2	10.3	9.1	8.4	7.9	7.1	6.8	6.2
Iran, Islamic Republic of	..	10.3	11.5	..	10.5	10.3	11.5	13.5	12.3	..
Israel	10.7	10.4	9.0	8.4	7.3	6.1	7.6	6.6	5.6	6.8
Jordan	14.8	12.5	14.8	14.0	13.1	12.7	12.9	12.5	12.3	12.1
Korea, Republic of	3.6	3.7	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.2	3.6	3.7	3.4	3.3
Malaysia	3.6	3.5	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.3	3.7	3.2	3.1	3.0
Pakistan	8.3	7.7	7.7	6.2	5.3	5.2	5.5	5.8	6.0	..
Palestinian Occupied Territory	25.5	26.8	23.5	23.7	21.7	26.6	24.5	23.7	20.9	22.8
Philippinesn, (o)	10.2	10.9	7.8	7.9	7.3	7.4	7.5	7.3	7.2	7.0
Saudi Arabia	5.6	5.8	6.1	6.3	6.1	6.3	6.3	6.2	5.9	..
Singapore	4.0	3.4	3.1	2.7	2.1	2.1	3.0	2.2	2.0	2.0
Sri Lanka (p)	8.1	8.1	7.2	6.5	6.0	5.2	5.7	4.9	4.0	3.9
Taiwan Province of China	5.0	4.4	4.1	3.9	3.9	4.1	5.8	5.2	4.4	4.3
Thailand	2.2	2.1	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.0	0.8	0.7
Turkey	9.3	9.0	9.2	8.8	8.9	9.7	12.6	10.7	9.8	9.1
Viet Namf	5.8	5.6	5.3	4.8	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.3	3.6	..
Sources:	UN/DESA, based on data of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE); ILO LABORSTAT database and KILM 7th edition; Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC); and national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	As a percentage of labour force. Reflects national definitions and coverage. Not comparable across economies.
b	Partly estimated.
c	End-of-period registered unemployment data (as a percentage of labour force).
d	Georgia officially left the Commonwealth of Independent States on 18 August 2009. However, its performance is discussed in the context of this group of countries for reasons of geographic proximity and similarities in economic structure.
e	New methodology starting in 2005.
f	Urban areas.
g	Break in series: new methodology starting in 2003.
h	Six main cities.
i	Break in series: new methodology starting in 2002.
j	Thirteen main cities.
k	Covers Quito, Guayaquil and Cuenca.
l	Metropolitan Lima.
m	Special Administrative Region of China.
n	Partly adopts the ILO definition; that is to say, it does not include one ILO criterion, namely, “currently available for work”.
o	Break in series: new methodology starting in 2005.
p	Excluding Northern and Eastern provinces.

Table A.9

Major developed economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010-2012

Major developed economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010-2012
Table A.9	Percentage
	2010				2011				2012
	I	II	III	IV	I	II	III	IV	I	II	III
Growth of gross domestic product (a)(percentage change in seasonally adjusted data from preceding quarter)
Canada	4.9	3.3	1.8	4.4	2.5	-0.8	5.8	2.1	1.7	1.7	0.6
France	1.2	2.6	1.6	1.6	3.5	0.2	0.8	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	0.9
Germany	2.7	9.1	2.8	2.4	5.0	1.8	1.5	-0.6	2.0	1.1	0.9
Italy	3.8	2.5	1.9	0.6	0.4	1.2	-0.6	-2.8	-3.1	-2.9	-0.7
Japan	5.1	5.1	4.7	-1.1	-8.0	-2.1	9.5	-1.2	5.2	0.3	-3.5
United Kingdom	2.4	2.9	2.5	-1.7	2.0	0.3	2.1	-1.4	-1.2	-1.5	3.9
United States	2.3	2.2	2.6	2.4	0.1	2.5	1.3	4.1	2.0	1.3	2.7
Major developed economies (b)	2.9	3.6	2.8	1.4	-0.2	1.1	2.7	1.4	1.7	0.5	1.1
Euro area	1.9	4.2	1.5	1.4	2.6	0.9	0.3	-1.3	0.0	-0.7	-0.2
Unemployment rate (c) (percentage of total labour force)
Canada	8.2	8.0	8.0	7.7	7.7	7.5	7.3	7.5	7.4	7.3	7.3
France	9.9	9.7	9.7	9.7	9.6	9.6	9.6	9.8	10.0	10.3	10.7
Germany	7.5	7.1	6.9	6.7	6.3	6.0	5.8	5.6	5.6	5.5	5.4
Italy	8.5	8.5	8.3	8.3	8.0	7.9	8.5	9.2	10.0	10.5	10.7
Japan	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.2
United Kingdom	7.9	7.8	7.7	7.8	7.7	7.9	8.3	8.3	8.1	7.9	..
United States	9.8	9.6	9.5	9.6	9.0	9.0	9.1	8.7	8.3	8.2	8.1
Major developed economies (b)	8.4	8.2	8.1	8.1	7.7	7.7	7.7	7.6	7.5	7.5	..
Euro area	10.1	10.2	10.1	10.1	10.0	9.9	10.2	10.6	10.9	11.3	11.5
Change in consumer prices (percentage change from the corresponding quarter of the previous year)
Canada	1.6	1.4	1.8	2.3	2.6	3.4	3.0	2.7	2.3	1.6	1.2
France	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.3	2.3
Germany	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.6	2.2	2.5	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.1	2.1
Italy	1.3	1.6	1.7	2.0	2.3	2.9	2.7	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.4
Japan	-0.9	-0.7	-1.0	-0.3	-0.5	-0.4	0.1	-0.3	0.3	0.2	-0.4
United Kingdom	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.4	4.1	4.4	4.7	4.7	3.5	2.7	2.4
United States	2.3	1.8	1.2	1.3	2.2	3.4	3.8	3.3	2.8	1.9	1.6
Major developed economies (b)	1.5	1.4	1.1	1.4	1.9	2.6	2.9	2.7	2.4	1.8	1.6
Euro area	1.1	1.6	1.7	2.0	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.9	2.7	2.5	2.5
Source:	UN/DESA, based on Eurostat, OECD and national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Expressed as an annualized rate.
b	Calculated as a weighted average, where weights are based on 2005 GDP in United States dollars.
c	Seasonally adjusted data as standardized by OECD.

Table A.10

Selected economies in transition: quarterly indicators of growth and inflation, 2010-2012

Table A.10	Selected economies in transition: quarterly indicators of growth and inflation, 2010-2012
	Percentage
	2010				2011				2012
	I	II	III	IV	I	II	III	IV	I	II	III
Rates of growth of gross domestic product (a)
Armenia	3.4	8.2	-2.9	2.4	1.2	3.9	6.5	5.3	5.6	6.6	..
Azerbaijan	5.4	8.0	5.0	3.1	1.6	0.3	-0.1	-0.5	0.5	0.8	..
Belarus	4.3	9.2	7.0	10.2	10.4	11.0	1.5	0.0	3.1	2.6	..
Croatia	-2.7	-3.0	0.1	-0.2	-1.2	0.6	0.8	-0.4	-1.3	-2.2	..
Georgia	3.7	8.3	6.7	6.1	6.1	4.9	7.5	8.8	6.8	8.2	..
Kazakhstan	7.1	8.0	7.5	7.3	6.8	7.4	6.8	8.7	5.6	5.5	..
Kyrgyzstan	18.5	-2.2	-7.1	-1.8	0.6	8.1	11.4	1.0	-6.8	-4.6	..
Republic of Moldova	4.4	4.8	5.1	4.6	6.9	7.1	6.9	6.7	1.0	0.8	..
Russian Federation	3.5	4.9	3.8	4.9	4.0	3.4	5.0	4.8	4.9	4.0	..
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	0.0	2.5	4.5	4.0	6.4	3.7	1.2	0.9	-1.3	-0.9	..
Ukraine	4.5	5.4	3.3	3.7	5.4	3.9	6.5	4.7	2.0	3.0	..
Change in consumer prices (a)
Armenia	9.1	6.8	8.1	8.7	11.1	8.8	5.7	5.1	3.3	1.0	..
Azerbaijan	3.8	6.0	5.6	7.2	8.9	8.5	7.6	7.2	4.2	2.3	1.1
Belarus	6.1	6.8	7.7	10.0	12.6	31.7	63.1	102.4	107.8	82.4	52.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1.7	2.6	1.9	2.6	3.5	4.1	3.9	3.2	2.3	2.1	..
Croatia	0.9	0.7	1.1	1.5	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.4	1.5	3.5	..
Georgia	4.7	4.4	8.8	10.4	13.3	12.6	6.7	2.1	-1.3	-1.9	..
Kazakhstan	7.3	6.9	6.6	7.6	8.5	8.4	8.9	7.7	5.1	4.9	..
Kyrgyzstan	2.6	3.1	9.1	17.2	20.5	22.5	16.9	7.2	1.9	-0.3	..
Republic of Moldova	5.8	8.0	7.9	7.9	6.1	7.1	8.8	8.5	6.2	4.1	..
Russian Federation	7.2	5.9	6.2	8.2	9.5	9.5	8.1	6.6	3.8	3.8	6.0
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia	0.3	0.9	2.1	3.1	3.9	4.7	3.7	3.3	2.4	2.2	..
Ukraine	11.2	8.3	8.5	9.5	7.7	10.8	8.5	5.0	2.9	0.4	..
Source:	UN/DESA, based on data of the Economic Commission for Europe, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Percentage change from the corresponding period of the preceding year

Table A.11

Major developing economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010-2012

Table A.11	Major developing economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010-2012
	Percentage
	2010				2011				2012
	I	II	III	IV	I	II	III	IV	I	II	III
Rates of growth of gross domestic producta
Argentina	6.8	11.8	8.6	9.2	9.9	9.1	9.3	7.3	5.2	0.0	..
Brazil	9.3	8.8	6.9	5.3	4.2	3.3	2.1	1.4	0.8	0.5	0.9
Chile	2.8	7.1	7.7	6.7	9.9	6.3	3.7	4.5	5.2	5.7	5.7
China	11.9	10.3	9.6	9.8	9.7	9.5	9.1	8.9	8.1	7.8	7.7
Colombia	3.8	4.5	3.0	4.7	5.1	4.9	7.5	6.2	4.7	4.9	..
Ecuador	0.9	3.0	4.0	5.2	7.0	7.9	9.2	7.8	6.3	5.2	..
Hong Kong SAR (b)	7.9	6.4	6.6	6.4	7.8	5.1	4.3	2.8	0.7	1.2	1.3
India	13.0	9.5	8.9	10.0	9.7	9.0	6.9	6.2	5.6	3.9	2.8
Indonesia	5.9	6.3	5.8	6.8	6.4	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.3	6.4	6.2
Israel	2.2	6.0	5.3	6.4	6.9	3.5	5.2	3.0	3.3	3.5	3.4
Korea, Republic of	8.5	7.5	4.4	4.9	4.2	3.5	3.6	3.3	2.8	2.3	1.6
Malaysia	10.1	9.0	5.2	4.8	5.1	4.3	5.7	5.2	5.1	5.6	5.2
Mexico	4.4	7.5	5.1	4.2	4.3	2.9	4.4	3.9	4.9	4.4	3.3
Philippines	8.4	8.9	7.3	6.1	4.9	3.6	3.2	4.0	6.3	6.0	7.1
Singapore	16.5	19.8	10.6	12.5	9.1	1.2	6.0	3.6	1.5	2.3	1.3
South Africa	1.7	3.1	2.7	3.8	3.5	3.0	3.1	3.2	2.4	3.1	2.3
Taiwan Province of China	12.9	13.0	11.2	6.5	6.6	4.5	3.4	1.9	0.4	-0.2	1.0
Thailand	12.0	9.2	6.6	3.8	3.2	2.7	3.7	-8.9	0.4	4.4	3.0
Turkey	12.6	10.4	5.3	9.3	12.1	9.1	8.4	5.0	3.3	2.9	..
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	-4.8	-1.7	-0.2	0.5	4.8	2.6	4.4	4.9	5.8	5.4	..
Unemployment rate (c)
Argentina	8.3	7.9	7.5	7.3	7.4	7.3	7.2	6.7	7.1	7.2	7.6
Brazil	7.4	7.3	6.6	5.7	6.3	6.3	6.0	5.2	5.8	5.9	5.4
Chile	9.3	8.6	8.2	7.3	7.3	7.1	7.4	7.0	6.5	6.6	6.4
Colombia	13.0	12.0	11.5	10.7	12.4	11.1	10.4	9.3	11.6	10.5	10.2
Ecuador	9.1	7.7	7.4	6.1	7.0	6.4	5.5	5.1	4.9	5.2	4.6
Hong Kong SAR (b)	4.4	4.8	4.4	3.7	3.4	3.7	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.3	3.5
Israel	7.0	5.9	7.2	6.5	5.7	5.2	6.1	6.8	6.8	6.9	6.7
Korea, Republic of	4.7	3.5	3.5	3.3	4.2	3.4	3.1	2.9	3.8	3.3	3.0
Malaysia	3.5	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.0
Mexico	5.3	5.2	5.6	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.6	4.9	4.9	4.8	5.2
Philippines	7.3	8.0	7.0	7.1	7.4	7.2	7.1	6.4	7.2	6.9	7.0
Singapore	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	1.9	2.1	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.9
South Africa	25.2	25.2	25.3	24.0	25.0	25.7	25.0	23.9	25.2	24.9	25.5
Taiwan Province of China	5.7	5.2	5.1	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.1	4.3
Thailand	1.1	1.3	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.6
Turkey	14.2	11.2	11.1	11.2	11.4	9.5	9.0	9.3	10.2	8.4	..
Uruguay	7.4	7.4	6.6	6.0	6.3	6.2	6.0	5.5	5.7	6.5	6.4
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	9.2	8.2	9.3	8.1	9.0	8.6	8.3	7.3	9.3	8.3	7.7
Change in consumer prices (a)
Argentina	9.0	10.6	11.1	11.1	10.1	9.7	9.8	9.5	9.7	9.9	10.0
Brazil	4.9	5.1	4.6	5.6	6.1	6.6	7.2	6.7	5.8	4.9	5.2
Chile	-0.3	1.2	2.3	2.5	2.9	3.3	3.1	4.0	4.1	3.1	2.6
China	2.0	2.8	3.2	4.7	5.1	5.9	6.4	4.6	3.8	2.8	1.9
Colombia	2.0	2.1	2.3	2.7	3.3	3.0	3.5	3.9	3.5	3.4	3.1
Ecuador	4.0	3.3	3.6	3.4 3.4	4.1	4.9	5.5	5.6	5.1	5.1
Hong Kong SAR (b)	1.9	2.6	2.3	2.7	3.8	5.1	6.5	5.7	5.2	4.2	3.0
India	15.3	13.6	10.3	9.2	9.0	8.9	9.2	8.4	7.2	10.1	9.8
Indonesia	3.7	4.4	6.2	6.3	6.8	5.9	4.7	4.1	3.7	4.6	4.5
Israel	3.5	2.8	2.0	2.5	4.0	4.1	3.3	2.5	1.8	1.6	1.8
Korea, Republic of	3.0	2.7	2.9	3.2	3.8	4.0	4.3	4.0	3.1	2.4	1.6
Malaysia	1.3	1.6	1.9 2.0	2.8	3.3	3.4	3.2	2.3	1.7	1.4
Mexico	4.8	4.0	3.7	4.3	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.9	3.9	4.6
Philippines	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.5	4.5	4.9	4.7	4.7	3.1	2.9	3.5
Singapore	0.9	3.1	3.3	4.0	5.1	4.7	5.5	5.6	4.9	5.3	4.2
South Africa	5.4	4.2	3.3	3.4	3.8	4.7	5.5	6.3	6.2	5.8	5.3
Taiwan Province of China	1.3	1.1	0.4	1.1	1.3	1.6	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.7	3.0
Thailan (d)	3.7	3.2	3.3	2.9	3.0	4.1	4.1	4.0	3.4	2.5	2.9
Turkey	9.3	9.2	8.4	7.4	4.3	5.9	6.4	9.2	10.5	9.4	9.0
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	25.1	31.0	29.3	27.2	28.2	23.1	25.8	27.4	25.3	22.6	18.5
Sources:	IMF, International Financial Statistics, and national sources. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Percentage change from the corresponding quarter of the previous year.
b	Special Administrative Region of China.
c	Reflects national definitions and coverage. Not comparable across economies.

Table A.12

Major developed economies: financial indicators, 2003–2012

Table A.12	Major developed economies: financial indicators, 2003–2012
	Percentage
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (a)
Short-term interest rates (b)
Canada	3.0	2.3	2.8	4.2	4.6	3.3	0.7	0.8	1.2	1.2
France (c)	2.3	2.1	2.2	3.1	4.3	4.6	1.2	0.8	1.4	0.7
Germany (c)	2.3	2.1	2.2	3.1	4.3	4.6	1.2	0.8	1.4	0.7
Italy (c)	2.3	2.1	2.2	3.1	4.3	4.6	1.2	0.8	1.4	0.7
Japan	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.8	0.9	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.3
United Kingdom	3.7	4.6	4.7	4.8	6.0	5.5	1.2	0.7	0.9	0.9
United States	1.1	1.6	3.5	5.2	5.3	3.0	0.6	0.3	0.3	0.3
Long-term interest rates (d)
Canada	4.8	4.6	4.1	4.2	4.3	3.6	3.2	3.2	2.8	1.9
France	4.1	4.1	3.4	3.8	4.3	4.2	3.7	3.1	3.3	2.7
Germany	4.1	4.0	3.3	3.8	4.2	4.0	3.2	2.7	2.6	1.5
Italy	4.3	4.3	3.6	4.1	4.5	4.7	4.3	4.0	5.4	5.7
Japan	1.0	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.1	0.9
United Kingdom	4.5	4.9	4.4	4.5	5.0	4.6	3.7	3.6	3.1	1.9
United States	4.0	4.3	4.3	4.8	4.6	3.7	3.3	3.2	2.8	1.8
General government financial balancese
Canada	-0.1	0.8	1.5	1.6	1.4	-0.4	-4.8	-5.4	-4.5	-3.7
France	-4.1	-3.6	-3.0	-2.4	-2.8	-3.3	-7.5	-7.1	-5.2	-4.7
Germany	-4.2	-3.8	-3.3	-1.7	0.2	-0.1	-3.1	-4.1	-0.8	-0.7
Italy	-3.6	-3.6	-4.5	-3.4	-1.6	-2.7	-5.4	-4.5	-3.9	-2.7
Japan	-7.7	-5.9	-4.8	-1.3	-2.1	-1.9	-8.8	-8.4	-9.5	-9.9
United Kingdom	-3.4	-3.5	-3.4	-2.7	-2.8	-5.1	-11.5	-10.2	-7.8	-7.7
United States	-4.9	-4.4	-3.2	-2.0	-2.7	-6.4	-11.8	-11.2	-10.1	-8.6
Sources:	UN/DESA, based on OECD, Economic Outlook; OECD, Main Economic Indicators; and Eurostat. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Average for the first nine months for short- and long-term interest rates.
b	Three-month Interbank Rate.
c	From January 1999 onwards, represents the three-month Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR).
d	Yield on long-term government bonds.
e	Surplus (+) or deficit (-) as a percentage of nominal GDP. Estimates for 2012.

Table A.13

Selected economies: real effective exchange rates, broad measurement,a 2003–2012

Table A.13	Selected economies: real effective exchange rates, broad measurement,a 2003–2012
	Year 2000=100
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (b)
Developed economies
Australia	111.8	121.2	128.1	133.8	142.8	141.0	130.6	146.1	157.3	157.7
Bulgaria	110.7	113.3	116.5	126.2	132.9	142.7	140.1	143.1	150.5	150.3
Canada	102.9	104.6	108.3	111.6	112.9	102.6	95.3	101.0	100.3	97.9
Czech Republic	117.4	121.7	129.1	134.0	139.4	156.5	148.8	149.5	155.7	150.4
Denmark	114.2	114.4	111.8	109.9	109.8	110.7	117.4	111.8	109.6	107.6
Euro area	117.3	121.0	119.5	121.3	126.1	131.1	125.4	117.5	120.5	114.8
Hungary	115.2	119.6	119.0	115.9	119.8	123.1	118.9	118.4	116.9	114.4
Japan	82.5	83.5	78.6	72.0	67.1	74.2	83.2	84.2	85.4	84.9
New Zealand	131.5	140.1	147.2	135.7	146.3	133.5	127.8	139.2	146.3	151.3
Norway	108.2	110.6	117.3	123.4	132.4	133.7	130.1	139.3	146.2	145.7
Poland	98.7	102.5	111.1	113.4	117.8	126.1	109.1	114.2	113.7	112.6
Romania	117.4	127.8	153.8	172.7	191.3	180.7	174.0	175.0	176.9	165.6
Slovakia	113.1	117.1	117.1	118.7	128.5	132.7	141.1	129.5	124.6	121.8
Sweden	97.3	96.2	93.1	94.4	97.4	91.5	89.4	92.3	92.4	90.8
Switzerland	112.3	110.0	105.7	101.2	96.2	98.9	107.0	110.1	117.7	113.8
United Kingdom	95.8	99.6	97.2	97.3	98.8	86.8	80.3	80.7	81.3	85.1
United States	97.8	91.6	89.3	86.5	82.4	79.7	88.0	83.5	78.5	82.0
Economies in transition
Croatia	110.3	114.3	115.2	116.2	117.5	125.3	128.0	127.4	127.5	128.8
Russian Federation	131.2	140.7	155.3	170.5	180.3	191.5	182.1	198.6	204.3	206.5
Developing economies
Argentina	62.1	60.6	59.9	58.3	57.6	58.7	56.8	57.5	55.8	59.2
Brazil	99.1	106.5	130.9	141.0	157.0	175.9	168.9	194.0	208.0	191.8
Chile	92.3	100.0	112.1	117.9	117.3	122.3	127.0	126.3	128.0	131.0
China	97.8	95.8	98.5	100.8	103.4	112.5	112.4	113.6	116.3	118.6
Colombia	88.1	95.2	105.0	102.6	110.2	113.3	106.4	124.1	123.3	126.2
Ecuador	114.1	114.3	121.9	130.5	126.2	135.3	112.4	128.9	141.6	142.2
Egypt	64.5	66.4	72.3	74.1	76.4	86.6	85.8	92.4	92.2	96.8
Hong Kong SAR (c)	94.9	89.6	86.4	83.9	79.8	75.6	80.6	77.5	74.2	76.7
India	98.3	99.3	101.3	98.8	106.4	98.6	94.1	100.8	97.2	92.0
Indonesia	123.4	112.5	114.5	142.1	149.2	162.3	163.9	183.9	183.5	181.1
Israel	87.8	85.2	86.3	86.8	88.0	98.7	97.8	102.9	102.8	98.9
Korea, Republic of	93.0	96.2	105.9	110.7	108.2	90.8	80.0	86.2	88.2	88.2
Kuwait	102.2	94.6	96.5	94.9	93.2	97.2	96.4	98.2	96.0	95.8
Malaysia	98.6	100.7	103.5	107.0	112.7	115.7	113.1	124.5	130.8	132.1
Mexico	99.6	98.0	103.4	105.9	105.9	105.6	91.0	98.9	100.8	98.4
Morocco	99.0	97.2	94.7	94.7	93.5	94.3	100.0	95.7	91.7	90.4
Nigeria	108.8	112.3	128.6	135.7	133.6	145.5	139.4	151.9	148.5	164.3
Pakistan	101.0	100.0	102.8	105.5	105.5	106.3	108.1	118.8	128.0	132.2
Peru	99.9	99.5	99.2	99.3	99.6	106.3	105.5	110.0	111.1	117.7
Philippines	107.3	100.4	107.9	129.4	135.8	130.5	128.6	118.1	110.2	111.9
Saudi Arabia	94.1	87.3	85.0	83.7	81.7	83.5	92.1	93.1	90.0	95.2
Singapore	95.4	102.5	106.9	112.4	119.6	125.8	114.0	116.6	118.8	121.9
South Africa	107.3	116.2	118.0	112.4	109.3	100.6	106.7	119.9	117.1	111.2
Taiwan Province of China	89.5	90.9	89.1	88.8	87.7	84.2	76.8	79.8	79.6	78.7
Thailand	100.3	100.0	102.6	111.7	125.3	120.0	112.6	123.0	125.4	124.8
Turkey	111.3	116.4	124.8	120.9	128.4	126.0	114.6	117.9	106.1	113.9
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of	94.5	98.9	99.7	108.2	120.0	140.4	191.0	116.0	134.2	152.3
Source:	JPMorgan Chase.UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Indices based on a “broad” measure currency basket of 46 currencies (including the euro). The real effective exchange rate, which adjusts the nominal index for relative price changes, gauges the effect on international price competitiveness of the country’s manufactures owing to currency changes and inflation differentials. A rise in the index implies a fall in competitiveness and vice versa. The relative price changes are based on indices most closely measuring the prices of domestically produced finished manufactured goods, excluding food and energy, at the first stage of manufacturing. The weights for currency indices are derived from 2000 bilateral trade patterns of the corresponding countries.
b	Average for the first ten months.
c	Special Administrative Region of China.
	World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013

Table A.14

Indices of prices of primary commodities, 2003–2012

Table A.14		Indices of prices of primary commodities, 2003–2012
Table A.14		Year 2000=100
		Non-fuel commodities					Combined index		Manufactured export prices	Real prices of non-fuel commodities (a)	Crude petroleum (b)
		Food	Tropical beverages	Vegetable oilseeds and oils	Agricultural raw materials	Minerals and metals	Dollar	SDR	Manufactured export prices	Real prices of non-fuel commodities (a)	Crude petroleum (b)
2003		104	94	137	111	98	105	99	108	97	101.8
2004		119	100	155	125	137	126	112	117	108	130.6
2005		127	126	141	129	173	140	126	120	117	183.5
2006		151	134	148	147	278	183	164	123	149	221.3
2007		164	148	226	164	313	207	178	133	155	250.4
2008		234	178	298	198	332	256	213	142	180	342.2
2009		220	181	213	163	232	213	182	134	159	221.2
2010		230	213	262	226	310	251	218	136	185	280.6
2011		265	270	333	289	349	295	247	148	199	389.3

2009	I	206	164	188	146	182	188	167	126	149	155.5
	II	213	175	226	150	214	203	177	129	158	212.0
	III	228	186	215	164	252	223	188	134	166	245.3
	IV	233	201	224	193	278	237	197	137	173	269.3

2010	I	232	198	234	210	299	245	210	134	183	273.2
	II	205	201	233	209	296	231	205	132	175	277.5
	III	225	220	258	216	301	246	214	135	182	267.3
	IV	257	233	322	268	344	284	242	141	201	303.5

2011	I	274	278	364	315	376	312	264	144	217	365.9
	II	261	283	345	303	363	300	249	151	199	407.1
	III	270	274	324	290	352	298	247	150	199	393.2
	IV	255	247	299	248	304	270	228	146	185	391.0

2012	I	257	232	316	246	327	276	237	145	191	425.4
	II	264	208	318	229	308	271	234	143	190	386.8
	III	285	211	318	205	303	277	241	..	..	386.2
Sources:		UNCTAD, Monthly Commodity Price Bulletin; United Nations, Monthly Bulletin of Statistics; and data from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) website, available from http://www.opec.org. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a		Combined index of non-fuel commodity prices in dollars, deflated by manufactured export price index.
b		The new OPEC reference basket, introduced on 16 June 2005, currently has 12 crudes.

Table A.15

World oil supply and demand, 2004–2013

World oil supply and demand, 2004–2013
	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012 (a)	2013 (b)
World oil supply (c), (d) (millions of barrels per day)	83.3	84.3	85.0	84.7	86.6	85.4	87.2	88.5	90.8	91.1
Developed economies	17.4	16.5	16.3	16.0	16.8	17.0	17.3	17.3	18.1	18.6
Economies in transition	11.6	12.0	12.4	12.9	12.9	13.3	13.5	13.6	13.7	13.6
Developing economies	52.5	54.0	54.4	53.6	54.9	53.1	54.3	55.5	56.9	56.7
OPEC (e)	33.1	34.2	34.3	34.6	36.1	34.0	34.6	35.7	37.6	37.2
Non-OPEC	19.4	19.8	20.1	19.0	18.8	19.1	19.7	19.8	19.3	19.5
Processing gains (f)	1.9	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.0	2.0	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.2
World total demand (g)	82.5	83.8	85.1	86.5	86.5	85.4	88.1	88.8	89.6	90.5
Oil prices (dollars per barrel)
OPEC basketh	36.1	50.6	61.1	69.1	94.5	61.1	77.5	107.5	109.9	102.0
Brent oil	38.3	54.4	65.4	72.7	97.6	61.9	79.6	110.9	110.0	105.0
Sources:	United Nations, World Bank, International Energy Agency, U.S. Energy Information Administration, and OPEC. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Partly estimated.
b	Baseline scenario forecasts.
c	Including global biofuels, crude oil, condensates, natural gas liquids (NGLs), oil from non-conventional sources and other sources of supply.
d	Totals may not add up because of rounding.
e	Includes Angola and Ecuador as of January 2007 and December 2007, respectively.
f	Net volume gains and losses in the refining process (excluding net gain/loss in the economies in transition and China) and marine transportation losses.
g	Including deliveries from refineries/primary stocks and marine bunkers, and refinery fuel and non-conventional oils.
h	The new OPEC reference basket, introduced on 16 June 2005, currently has 12 crudes.

Table A.16

World trade:a changes in value and volume of exports and imports, by major country group, 2004–2014

Table A.16	World trade:a changes in value and volume of exports and imports, by major country group, 2004–2014
	Annual percentage change
	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011 (b)	2012 (c)	2013 (c)	2014 (c)
Dollar value of exports
World	21.2	14.2	14.7	16.2	14.0	-19.9	19.7	17.6	5.0	6.9	8.1
Developed economies	18.4	9.4	12.5	15.4	11.5	-20.0	13.1	15.2	0.0	4.1	6.3
North America	13.9	11.5	10.9	11.9	10.2	-16.8	16.2	14.3	4.2	4.0	6.0
EU plus other Europe	19.4	9.0	13.6	17.2	11.2	-20.0	10.1	15.9	-1.0	5.0	6.9
Developed Asia	21.7	8.9	7.7	12.3	12.9	-23.7	32.2	10.4	-0.8	-1.6	3.2
Economies in transition	34.3	26.7	24.1	21.3	32.2	-32.6	26.7	30.9	-1.2	3.4	9.2
South-Eastern Europe	23.7	12.5	18.5	23.7	19.6	-21.1	7.8	15.4	-3.3	6.0	7.2
Commonwealth of Independent States	35.0	28.5	24.5	21.3	33.1	-33.5	28.6	32.0	-1.0	3.2	9.5
Developing economies	26.4	21.2	19.0	17.0	17.4	-18.6	28.1	20.7	11.2	9.9	10.8
Latin America and the Caribbean	22.9	20.1	18.7	12.8	15.7	-21.0	31.6	17.1	12.2	10.9	13.1
Africa	25.1	29.6	23.4	12.8	27.7	-26.5	25.9	18.0	24.5	5.5	4.0
Western Asia	31.8	30.9	18.7	15.8	29.3	-26.5	20.5	28.2	16.8	4.8	5.9
East and South Asia	26.3	18.7	18.6	18.4	14.0	-15.0	29.2	20.2	9.0	11.7	11.7
Dollar value of imports
World	21.1	13.4	14.2	15.9	14.9	-20.2	18.8	18.0	4.6	6.6	8.3
Developed economies	18.7	11.3	12.8	13.1	12.0	-22.2	13.7	15.9	0.8	4.0	6.2
North America	15.7	13.1	10.3	6.4	8.1	-22.1	19.2	13.0	3.4	2.1	6.2
EU plus other Europe	19.8	10.3	14.2	16.9	11.8	-21.6	10.5	15.5	-1.4	4.9	7.1
Developed Asia	21.3	13.0	9.1	11.6	17.4	-23.8	24.1	23.6	9.2	2.8	1.4
Economies in transition	28.4	19.9	23.9	33.9	29.3	-29.9	20.5	27.5	2.5	7.0	12.3
South-Eastern Europe	24.4	8.5	15.1	30.9	23.1	-27.8	0.0	14.5	-2.8	6.7	7.8
Commonwealth of Independent States	29.9	21.7	25.7	34.1	30.3	-30.1	23.7	29.1	3.1	7.1	12.8
Developing economies	25.9	17.5	17.2	19.3	19.5	-15.8	27.2	20.7	10.0	11.5	10.7
Latin America and the Caribbean	20.4	18.5	18.0	19.2	20.7	-20.1	28.9	19.2	9.7	10.3	11.3
Africa	20.0	21.1	18.1	27.3	24.8	-11.6	10.7	17.9	17.7	12.5	12.8
Western Asia	30.9	21.0	19.7	29.1	22.6	-17.9	15.0	17.2	12.0	5.6	6.2
East and South Asia	27.3	16.0	16.5	16.6	17.7	-14.8	31.8	21.9	9.0	11.9	10.9
Volume of exports
World	10.2	8.4	9.3	7.1	3.3	-9.6	12.8	6.9	3.5	4.0	4.9
Developed economies	8.0	5.8	8.9	6.3	2.0	-11.8	11.0	5.5	2.4	3.0	4.9
North America	7.9	6.1	6.3	7.6	4.0	-10.1	10.2	6.3	3.7	3.1	4.3
EU plus other Europe	7.5	5.8	9.6	5.7	1.6	-11.4	10.4	5.9	2.1	3.1	4.3
Developed Asia	11.5	5.3	8.6	7.6	1.3	-18.4	18.2	0.7	1.8	2.2	6.0
Economies in transition	12.9	4.1	7.5	7.4	1.6	-7.4	7.1	3.2	3.7	4.1	4.3
South-Eastern Europe	7.7	9.3	9.4	6.0	2.9	-12.9	12.3	4.6	1.2	4.1	4.6
Commonwealth of Independent States	13.2	4.0	7.1	7.6	1.5	-6.8	6.5	3.1	4.0	4.1	4.3
Developing economies	15.5	11.9	11.8	8.5	4.5	-5.5	17.2	9.2	4.1	5.3	6.2
Latin America and the Caribbean	12.4	7.4	7.2	5.3	1.6	-9.9	11.1	6.7	4.4	6.7	7.9
Africa	6.6	10.6	13.5	3.7	9.6	-14.4	10.2	0.2	9.2	6.6	6.2
Western Asia	14.0	9.9	7.4	5.7	4.3	-7.4	6.6	7.5	4.8	2.2	4.2
East and South Asia	17.9	14.3	13.3	10.8	4.3	-3.0	20.9	11.0	3.6	5.3	6.2
Volume of imports
World	11.4	8.5	9.4	7.9	2.0	-9.8	13.8	7.0	3.0	4.6	5.0
Developed economies	8.6	6.1	8.0	5.0	0.1	-11.9	10.5	4.6	1.8	3.2	3.9
North America	10.7	6.6	5.8	2.7	-1.9	-13.6	13.0	4.8	3.0	3.3	5.3
EU plus other Europe	7.6	6.3	9.5	5.9	1.1	-11.3	9.3	4.2	0.5	2.7	4.3
Developed Asia	8.9	4.8	5.4	5.2	-0.7	-10.7	11.0	7.6	8.0	2.5	-1.0
Economies in transition	18.7	11.1	15.7	22.2	11.8	-25.4	16.4	15.6	7.2	7.6	7.8
South-Eastern Europe	12.1	5.4	7.9	11.8	5.9	-19.7	4.6	3.5	1.6	4.5	5.5
Commonwealth of Independent States	20.2	12.0	17.1	24.1	12.5	-26.2	18.0	17.3	7.9	7.9	8.3
Developing economies	16.9	12.8	12.6	11.4	6.6	-5.4	18.9	10.1	5.1	6.1	7.0
Latin America and the Caribbean	13.8	11.2	14.1	13.0	8.0	-15.0	21.6	10.4	4.7	7.2	9.4
Africa	6.0	11.6	12.1	18.0	9.4	-6.3	7.9	8.7	14.8	10.3	9.0
Western Asia	21.2	15.4	13.6	19.9	8.2	-12.6	7.8	7.6	5.1	4.1	4.0
East and South Asia	18.4	12.9	11.8	9.2	5.5	-1.2	21.7	10.4	4.1	5.5	6.9
Source:	UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Includes goods and non-factor services.
b	Partly estimated.
c	Baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK.

Table A.17

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, summary table, 2003–2011

Table A.17	Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, summary table, 2003–2011
	Billions of dollars
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Developed economies	-316.8	-332.2	-502.4	-579.9	-532.6	-663.3	-226.8	-192.8	-262.3
Japan	136.2	172.1	166.1	170.9	212.1	159.9	146.6	204.0	119.3
United States	-519.1	-628.5	-745.8	-800.6	-710.3	-677.1	-381.9	-442.0	-465.9
Europe (a)	87.3	146.8	106.6	82.1	22.9	-93.0	92.6	135.1	173.4
EU-15	45.4	112.5	48.0	33.2	40.9	-57.7	34.3	44.8	72.1
New EU member States	-28.5	-45.7	-40.1	-60.7	-102.6	-113.9	-34.5	-39.1	-37.6
Economies in transition (b)	30.1	56.4	80.1	87.4	55.8	83.8	31.3	65.9	105.5
South-Eastern Europe	-5.7	-7.1	-7.4	-8.7	-15.4	-24.6	-10.7	-6.9	-9.1
Commonwealth of Independent States (c)	36.2	63.9	88.2	97.2	73.2	111.2	43.2	74.0	116.2
Developing economies	223.0	275.0	458.8	709.5	791.4	776.0	420.9	446.8	548.4
Net fuel exporters	78.7	119.5	268.1	390.6	351.6	448.9	85.8	231.0	462.0
Net fuel importers	144.3	155.4	190.7	318.9	439.8	327.1	335.2	215.8	86.4
Latin America and the Caribbean	10.6	23.0	37.7	51.1	15.3	-30.0	-19.9	-55.8	-71.8
Net fuel exporters	11.5	16.1	28.3	34.5	22.6	42.8	6.1	9.2	19.1
Net fuel importers	-0.9	6.9	9.4	16.6	-7.3	-72.8	-26.0	-65.0	-90.9
Africa	1.0	12.0	37.7	85.2	69.4	62.1	-34.3	1.4	-21.8
Net fuel exporters	6.1	24.6	55.2	106.9	102.8	113.6	4.9	40.0	33.9
Net fuel importers	-5.1	-12.5	-17.5	-21.7	-33.4	-51.5	-39.2	-38.6	-55.7
Western Asia	40.0	58.3	142.6	184.6	145.6	228.0	43.8	104.2	254.8
Net fuel exporters (d)	51.2	74.7	165.0	212.2	184.2	273.2	56.4	150.1	338.9
Net fuel importers	-11.3	-16.4	-22.4	-27.7	-38.6	-45.2	-12.6	-45.8	-84.2
East and South Asia	171.4	181.6	240.8	388.7	561.1	515.8	431.3	397.0	387.2
Net fuel exporters	9.9	4.2	19.6	37.0	42.0	19.2	18.3	31.8	70.0
Net fuel importers	161.5	177.4	221.2	351.6	519.1	496.5	413.0	365.2	317.2
World residuale	-63.8	-0.8	36.5	217.0	314.6	196.4	225.5	319.9	391.6
Source:	International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, October 2012; and IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Europe consists of the EU-15, the new EU member States and Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.
b	Includes Georgia.
c	Excludes Georgia, which left the Commonwealth of Independent States on 18 August 2009.
d	Data for Iraq not available prior to 2005.
e	Statistical discrepancy.

Table A.18

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, 2003–2011

Table A.18	Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, 2003–2011
Table A.18	Billions of dollars
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Developed economies
Trade balance	-307.7	-421.8	-637.3	-781.1	-782.6	-912.8	-475.1	-586.9	-773.1
Services, net	108.0	162.2	214.6	279.4	386.4	426.8	382.1	435.9	524.1
Income, net	53.0	132.3	165.5	164.0	160.6	152.8	190.2	305.4	345.5
Current transfers, net	-170.1	-204.9	-245.2	-242.2	-297.0	-330.1	-323.9	-347.1	-358.7
Current-account balance	-316.8	-332.2	-502.4	-579.9	-532.6	-663.3	-226.8	-192.8	-262.3
Japan
Trade balance	104.0	128.5	93.9	81.1	105.1	38.5	43.3	91.0	-20.6
Services, net	-31.4	-34.3	-24.1	-18.2	-21.2	-20.8	-20.4	-16.1	-22.2
Income, net	71.2	85.7	103.9	118.7	139.8	155.3	135.9	141.5	176.0
Current transfers, net	-7.5	-7.9	-7.6	-10.7	-11.5	-13.1	-12.3	-12.4	-13.8
Current-account balance	136.2	172.1	166.1	170.9	212.1	159.9	146.6	204.0	119.3
United States
Trade balance	-540.4	-663.5	-780.7	-835.7	-818.9	-830.1	-505.8	-645.1	-738.4
Services, net	49.4	58.2	72.1	82.4	122.2	131.8	126.6	150.4	178.5
Income, net	43.7	65.1	68.6	44.2	101.5	147.1	119.7	183.9	227.0
Current transfers, net	-71.8	-88.2	-105.7	-91.5	-115.1	-125.9	-122.5	-131.1	-133.1
Current-account balance	-519.1	-628.5	-745.8	-800.6	-710.3	-677.1	-381.9	-442.0	-465.9
Europe (a)
Trade balance	103.9	81.9	14.3	-58.7	-93.4	-157.9	-7.6	-43.7	-46.7
Services, net	95.9	145.8	176.0	226.4	301.9	340.5	295.7	327.4	402.6
Income, net	-21.4	27.5	46.8	53.2	-16.6	-84.9	-9.1	51.6	25.0
Current transfers, net	-91.1	-108.5	-130.5	-138.7	-168.9	-190.7	-186.5	-200.2	-207.4
Current-account balance	87.3	146.8	106.6	82.1	22.9	-93.0	92.6	135.1	173.4
EU-15
Trade balance	102.7	79.0	2.8	-64.4	-73.9	-148.7	-39.1	-78.1	-103.0
Services, net	64.7	110.0	133.9	177.4	241.4	267.6	228.7	253.6	318.6
Income, net	-31.4	30.5	37.1	57.1	40.7	9.9	25.8	66.4	62.1
Current transfers, net	-90.6	-107.0	-125.8	-136.9	-167.4	-186.5	-181.1	-197.1	-205.6
Current-account balance	45.4	112.5	48.0	33.2	40.9	-57.7	34.3	44.8	72.1
New EU member States
Trade balance	-29.1	-34.7	-36.3	-52.1	-79.4	-101.3	-25.9	-30.2	-27.1
Services, net	8.0	9.5	13.2	15.8	22.9	26.7	23.4	25.7	31.7
Income, net	-15.4	-28.2	-25.9	-34.9	-57.6	-51.9	-43.1	-48.6	-58.5
Current transfers, net	8.0	7.7	8.9	10.5	11.5	12.6	11.1	13.9	16.3
Current-account balance	-28.5	-45.7	-40.1	-60.7	-102.6	-113.9	-34.5	-39.1	-37.6
Economies in transitionb
Trade balance	43.1	71.2	106.4	128.3	109.7	163.6	93.8	152.6	220.2
Services, net	-7.0	-10.5	-12.2	-11.9	-18.4	-22.1	-18.9	-27.0	-32.7
Income, net	-16.4	-17.0	-28.4	-44.3	-51.0	-77.4	-61.7	-77.3	-100.8
Current transfers, net	10.5	12.7	14.2	15.1	15.6	19.6	18.1	17.6	18.7
Current-account balance	30.1	56.4	80.1	87.4	55.8	83.8	31.3	65.9	105.5
South-Eastern Europe
Trade balance	-18.6	-22.6	-23.1	-25.6	-34.4	-44.6	-29.3	-24.9	-28.9
Services, net	6.2	6.7	7.3	8.0	9.8	11.7	9.7	9.6	10.9
Income, net	-0.6	-0.3	-1.1	-1.2	-1.9	-2.9	-2.8	-2.9	-3.2
Current transfers, net	7.3	9.1	9.5	10.2	11.0	11.2	11.8	11.4	12.0
Current-account balance	-5.7	-7.1	-7.4	-8.7	-15.4	-24.6	-10.7	-6.9	-9.1
Commonwealth of Independent Statesc
Trade balance	62.3	94.7	130.8	156.0	147.0	212.1	125.6	180.1	252.5
Services, net	-13.3	-17.2	-19.5	-20.0	-28.4	-33.8	-28.9	-37.1	-44.4
Income, net	-15.8	-16.8	-27.3	-43.2	-49.2	-74.4	-58.9	-74.1	-97.3
Current transfers, net	2.9	3.1	4.3	4.5	3.9	7.4	5.4	5.2	5.4
Current-account balance	36.2	63.9	88.2	97.2	73.2	111.2	43.2	74.0	116.2
Developing economies
Trade balance	303.7	365.3	578.7	774.7	842.2	861.4	543.9	663.2	830.5
Services, net	-59.2	-60.0	-78.7	-87.7	-98.0	-144.2	-150.1	-169.3	-201.7
Income, net	-123.9	-149.1	-190.8	-164.9	-163.0	-183.2	-180.2	-270.8	-300.9
Current transfers, net	102.3	118.7	149.5	187.6	210.1	241.3	207.0	223.6	220.7
Current-account balance	223.0	275.0	458.8	709.5	791.4	776.0	420.9	446.8	548.4
Net fuel exporters
Trade balance	185.9	254.2	409.8	526.2	533.4	712.5	340.3	532.0	827.2
Services, net	-63.6	-75.6	-88.6	-113.3	-149.9	-207.3	-190.4	-204.9	-233.1
Income, net	-34.5	-52.4	-56.6	-34.3	-36.6	-57.8	-53.5	-84.9	-112.8
Current transfers, net	-8.2	-5.2	4.7	13.5	6.5	3.6	-9.5	-9.3	-16.8
Current-account balance	78.7	119.5	268.1	390.6	351.6	448.9	85.8	231.0	462.0
Net fuel importers
Trade balance	117.9	111.1	168.9	248.5	308.9	148.9	203.5	131.1	3.2
Services, net	4.4	15.6	9.9	25.7	51.9	63.1	40.3	35.6	31.4
Income, net	-89.4	-96.7	-134.2	-130.7	-126.4	-125.4	-126.7	-186.0	-188.1
Current transfers, net	110.5	124.0	144.8	174.1	203.6	237.7	216.5	232.9	237.5
Current-account balance	144.3	155.4	190.7	318.9	439.8	327.1	335.2	215.8	86.4
Latin America and the Caribbean
Trade balance	43.8	59.7	83.0	101.7	72.5	44.8	55.7	49.0	72.8
Services, net	-12.9	-13.6	-17.1	-18.1	-23.9	-32.2	-33.0	-49.7	-63.7
Income, net	-58.2	-67.9	-81.3	-96.5	-100.6	-109.9	-100.5	-116.5	-143.7
Current transfers, net	37.9	44.8	53.1	64.0	67.3	67.4	57.8	61.4	62.8
Current-account balance	10.6	23.0	37.7	51.1	15.3	-30.0	-19.9	-55.8	-71.8
Africa
Trade balance	16.2	33.7	67.7	95.3	97.2	115.7	0.5	52.9	47.0
Services, net	-8.4	-11.1	-15.3	-22.1	-33.7	-54.5	-48.2	-53.4	-66.1
Income, net	-27.8	-35.5	-45.4	-38.0	-51.4	-65.2	-48.7	-65.9	-81.0
Current transfers, net	21.0	24.9	30.6	50.2	57.2	65.5	61.8	67.7	78.6
Current-account balance	1.0	12.0	37.7	85.2	69.4	62.1	-34.3	1.4	-21.8
Western Asiad
Trade balance	83.6	110.9	186.9	237.8	223.3	343.7	168.1	246.7	427.7
Services, net	-18.2	-25.7	-27.5	-44.9	-63.1	-88.1	-80.4	-89.0	-102.2
Income, net	-14.1	-17.5	-7.2	6.8	12.4	4.1	-2.9	-9.0	-9.9
Current transfers, net	-11.3	-9.4	-9.5	-15.2	-27.0	-31.7	-41.0	-44.4	-60.8
Current-account balance	40.0	58.3	142.6	184.6	145.6	228.0	43.8	104.2	254.8
East Asia
Trade balance	175.6	191.2	278.6	391.4	507.5	479.7	430.9	437.8	414.1
Services, net	-21.7	-16.3	-29.0	-20.6	-2.8	-2.4	-13.3	-5.4	-16.3
Income, net	-16.1	-20.9	-46.2	-27.0	-12.8	-2.0	-14.6	-59.5	-46.2
Current transfers, net	19.6	24.7	34.4	39.1	52.4	64.8	51.0	54.7	42.7
Current-account balance	157.5	178.8	237.7	382.9	544.2	540.1	454.0	427.6	394.3
South Asia
Trade balance	-15.5	-30.3	-37.4	-51.4	-58.2	-122.4	-111.3	-123.3	-131.1
Services, net	1.9	6.6	10.3	18.0	25.4	33.0	24.8	28.3	46.5
Income, net	-7.7	-7.2	-10.6	-10.2	-10.6	-10.2	-13.6	-19.9	-20.0
Current transfers, net	35.2	33.7	40.8	49.4	60.2	75.3	77.4	84.3	97.5
Current-account balance	13.9	2.9	3.1	5.8	16.8	-24.4	-22.7	-30.6	-7.1
World residuale
Trade balance	39.1	14.7	47.9	121.9	169.4	112.3	162.6	228.8	277.6
Services, net	41.7	91.7	123.8	179.9	269.9	260.5	213.1	239.6	289.8
Income, net	-87.3	-33.7	-53.8	-45.2	-53.5	-107.8	-51.8	-42.7	-56.2
Current transfers, net	-57.3	-73.5	-81.5	-39.5	-71.3	-69.2	-98.8	-105.9	-119.3
Current-account balance	-63.8	-0.8	36.5	217.0	314.6	196.4	225.5	319.9	391.6
Source:	International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Economic Outlook, October 2012; and IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Europe consists of EU-15, new EU member States plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland.
b	Includes Georgia.
c	Excludes Georgia, which left the Commonwealth of Independent States on 18 August 2009.
d	Data for Iraq not available prior to 2005.
e	Statistical discrepancy.

Table A.19

Net ODA from major sources, by type, 1990-2011

Table A.19	Net ODA from major sources, by type, 1990-2011
	Growth rate of ODA (2010 prices and exchange rates)					ODA as a percentage of GNI	Total ODA (millions of dollars)	Percentage distribution of ODA by type, 2011
Donor group or country	Growth rate of ODA (2010 prices and exchange rates)					ODA as a percentage of GNI	Total ODA (millions of dollars)	Bilateral	Multilateral
Donor group or country	1990 - 2000	2000 -2008	2009	2010	2011	2011	2011	Total	Total (United Nations and Other)	United Nations	Other
Total DAC countries	-0.5	5.2	1.1	6.3	-2.7	0.31	133 526	69.4	30.6	4.8	25.8
Total EU	-0.3	5.8	-0.2	6.1	-2.7	0.45	72 315	60.5	39.5	5.1	34.4
Austria	4.9	11.7	-31.6	9.5	-14.3	0.27	1 107	43.4	56.6	3.0	53.6
Belgium	-0.1	6.4	12.0	18.9	-13.3	0.53	2 800	57.2	42.8	6.1	36.7
Denmark	4.2	-0.8	3.3	3.9	-2.4	0.86	2 981	73.9	26.1	09.4	16.7
Finland	-4.6	7.0	12.7	8.2	-4.3	0.52	1 409	60.6	39.4	11.7	27.7
France (a)	-2.5	3.7	19.1	6.9	-5.6	0.46	12 994	65.4	34.6	1.8	32.8
Germany	-0.8	6.2	-11.5	12.4	5.9	0.40	14 533	61.4	38.6	2.3	36.3
Greece	…	6.2	-13.0	-13.6	-39.3	0.11	331	18.1	81.9	3.7	78.2
Ireland	13.2	14.6	-18.2	-4.1	-3.1	0.52	904	67.8	32.2	10.0	22.2
Italy	-6.7	4.7	-31.2	-4.8	33.0	0.19	4 241	37.4	62.6	3.8	58.8
Luxembourg	17.1	7.2	3.4	-2.7	-5.4	0.99	413	68.7	31.3	12.6	18.7
Netherlands	1.9	2.6	-4.4	2.7	-6.4	0.75	6 324	66.3	33.7	10.6	23.1
Portugal	5.5	1.1	-14.8	31.6	-3.0	0.29	669	66.6	33.4	0.5	32.9
Spain	8.1	10.5	-0.8	-5.4	-32.7	0.29	4 264	54.6	45.4	5.4	40.1
Sweden	-0.5	8.1	7.9	-7.3	10.5	1.02	5606	65.4	34.6	12.1	22.5
United Kingdom	1.5	9.3	11.8	13.8	-0.8	0.56	13 739	58.4	41.6	4.1	37.6

Australia	0.1	5.1	-0.4	12.0	5.7	0.35	4 799	85.1	14.9	4.7	10.2
Canada	-2.8	4.7	-9.7	14.2	-5.3	0.31	5 291	76.5	23.5	5.4	18.1
Japan	0.8	-2.2	-10.8	12.0	-10.8	0.18	10 604	59.1	40.9	4.7	36.2
New Zealand	3.1	4.7	-2.3	-6.4	10.7	0.28	429	76.1	23.9	10.7	13.2
Norway	1.9	3.6	18.7	1.2	-8.3	1.00	4 936	76.0	24.0	13.0	11.0
Switzerland	2.4	3.9	11.9	-4.3	13.2	0.46	3 086	76.5	23.5	6.3	17.2
United States	-2.7	9.8	7.9	4.1	-0.9	0.20	30 745	88.2	11.8	2.6	9.2
Source:	UN/DESA, based on OECD/DAC online database, available from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/statistics. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Excluding flows from France to the Overseas Departments, namely Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique and Réunion.

Table A.20

Total net ODA flows from OECD Development Assistance Committee countries, by type, 2002–2011

Table A.20	Total net ODA flows from OECD Development Assistance Committee countries, by type, 2002–2011
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
	Net disbursements at current prices and exchange rates (billions of dollars)
Official Development Assistance	58.6	69.4	79.9	107.8	104.8	104.2	122.0	119.8	128.5	133.5
Bilateral official development assistance	41.0	50.0	54.6	82.9	77.3	73.4	86.8	83.7	91.0	92.9
of which:
Technical cooperation	15.5	18.4	18.7	20.8	22.4	15.0	17.2	17.5	19.0	0.9
Humanitarian aid	2.8	4.4	5.2	7.1	6.7	6.5	8.8	8.6	9.3	9.7
Debt forgiveness	5.4	9.8	8.0	26.2	18.9	9.7	11.1	1.9	4.2	0.1
Bilateral loans	1.1	-1.1	-2.8	-0.9	-2.4	-2.3	-1.2	2.5	3.3	..
Contributions to multilateral institutions (a)	17.6	19.5	25.2	24.9	27.5	30.8	35.1	36.1	37.5	40.7
Source:	UN/DESA, based on OECD/DAC online database, available at http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Grants and capital subscriptions. Does not include concessional lending to multilateral agencies.

Table A.21

Commitments and net flows of financial resources, by selected multilateral institutions, 2002–2011

Table A.21	Commitments and net flows of financial resources, by selected multilateral institutions, 2002–2011
	Billions of dollars
	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Resource commitments (a)	95.3	67.6	55.9	71.7	64.7	74.5	135.2	193.7	245.4	163.8
Financial institutions, excluding International Monetary Fund (IMF)	38.5	43.1	45.7	51.4	55.7	66.6	76.1	114.5	119.6	106.8
Regional development banks (b)	16.8	20.4	21.5	23.0	23.1	31.3	36.1	54.4	45.4	45.9
World Bank Group (c)	21.4	22.2	23.7	27.7	31.9	34.7	39.4	59.4	73.4	59.9
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development	10.2	10.6	10.8	13.6	14.2	12.8	13.5	32.9	44.2	26.7
International Development Association	8.0	7.6	8.4	8.7	9.5	11.9	11.2	14.0	14.6	16.3
International Financial Corporation	3.2	4.1	4.6	5.4	8.2	10.0	14.6	12.4	14.6	16.9
International Fund for Agricultural Development	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.8	1.0
International Monetary Fund	52.2	17.8	2.6	12.6	1.0	2.0	48.7	68.2	114.1	45.7
United Nations operational agenciesd	4.6	6.7	7.6	7.7	8.3	6.3	10.5	11.0	11.6	11.3
Net flows	2.0	-11.7	-20.2	-39.6	-25.9	-6.8	40.7	52.3	62.5	77.2
Financial institutions, excluding IMF	-11.2	-14.8	-10.2	0.8	5.2	-11.4	21.8	20.4	25.1	36.5
Regional development banks (b)	-3.9	-8.0	-6.6	-1.7	3.0	5.9	21.2	15.5	9.8	10.2
World Bank Group (c)	-7.3	-6.7	-3.7	2.5	2.2	5.5	0.7	4.9	15.4	26.3
International Bank for Reconstruction and evelopment	-12.1	-11.2	-8.9	-2.9	-5.1	-1.8	-6.2	-2.1	8.3	17.2
International Development Association	4.8	4.5	5.3	5.4	7.3	7.2	6.8	7.0	7.0	9.1
International Monetary Fund	13.2	3.1	-10.0	-40.4	-31.0	-18.0	18.9	32.0	37.4	40.7
Memorandum item (in units of 2000 purchasing power) (e)
Resource commitments	97.2	62.6	47.8	59.8	54.9	56.0	97.3	146.7	183.1	242.5
Net flows	2.0	-10.8	-17.3	-33.0	-21.9	-5.1	29.3	39.6	46.6	114.3
Sources:	Annual reports of the relevant multilateral institutions, various issues. UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
a	Loans, grants, technical assistance and equity participation, as appropriate; all data are on a calendar year basis.
b	African Development Bank (AfDB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), Caribbean Development Bank (CDB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Inter-American Development Bank (IaDB) (including Inter-American Investment Corporation (IaIC)).
c	Data is for fiscal year.
d	United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP).
e	Totals deflated by the United Nations index of manufactured export prices (in dollars) of developed economies: 2000=100.

Table A.22

Greenhouse gas emissionsa of Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1990–2014

Table A.22	Greenhouse gas emissionsa of Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1990–2014
Table A.22	Teragram CO2 equivalent
	1990	2000	2009	2010	2011 (b)	2012 (b)	2013 (c)	2014 (c)	Annual growth rate 1990-2014	Cumulative change between 1990 and 2014	Reached reduction commitments in 2012d
Australia	418	494	547	543	548	556	558	562	1.2	34.6	No
Austria	78	80	80	85	85	87	86	86	0.4	10.6	No
Belarus	139	79	88	89	89	82	75	68	-3.0	-51.4	-
Belgium	143	146	125	132	123	121	111	108	-1.2	-24.5	Yes
Bulgaria	114	63	59	61	55	47	43	39	-4.3	-65.6	Yes
Canada	589	718	690	692	691	685	677	677	0.6	14.9	No
Croatia	31	26	29	29	28	27	27	27	-0.7	-15.1	Yes
Czech Republic	196	146	135	139	135	124	117	111	-2.4	-43.5	Yes
Denmark	70	70	62	63	55	53	51	49	-1.5	-30.2	Yes
Estonia	41	17	16	21	23	20	15	14	-4.4	-66.2	Yes
Finland	70	69	66	75	73	63	61	59	-0.7	-15.6	Yes
France	562	569	520	528	503	490	477	467	-0.8	-16.9	Yes
Germany	1 246	1 039	912	937	915	876	848	832	-1.7	-33.2	Yes
Greece	105	127	125	118	111	102	98	97	-0.3	-7.5	No
Hungary	97	77	67	68	61	58	53	51	-2.6	-47.4	Yes
Iceland	4	4	5	5	5	5	5	5	1.3	36.4	No
Ireland	55	68	62	61	55	50	46	44	-0.9	-20.2	Yes
Italy	519	552	492	501	486	466	453	452	-0.6	-13.0	Yes
Japan	1 267	1 342	1 207	1 258	1 221	1 219	1 194	1 191	-0.2	-4.6	No
Latvia	27	10	11	12	10	12	14	15	-2.4	-43.8	Yes
Liechtenstein	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	-0.5	-13.8	No
Lithuania	49	19	20	21	15	12	10	8	-7.3	-83.6	Yes
Luxembourg	13	10	12	12	13	13	14	13	0.1	2.6	No
Malta	2	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	1.6	45.2	-
Monaco	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	-1.2	-26.9	Yes
Netherlands	212	213	199	210	212	215	210	207	-0.1	-2.2	No
New Zealand	60	69	71	72	71	70	70	70	0.6	16.7	No
Norway	50	53	51	54	48	46	45	44	-0.6	-12.5	Yes
Poland	457	385	382	401	384	398	367	337	-1.2	-25.8	Yes
Portugal	60	82	74	71	66	64	59	58	-0.2	-3.7	No
Romania	253	141	123	121	113	102	95	88	-4.3	-65.4	Yes
Russian Federation	3 349	2 040	2 112	2 202	2 347	2 499	2 668	2 873	-0.6	-14.2	Yes
Slovakia	72	49	44	46	41	40	35	32	-3.3	-54.9	Yes
Slovenia	18	19	19	20	20	20	20	21	0.5	13.7	No
Spain	283	381	366	356	331	298	265	236	-0.7	-16.4	No
Sweden	73	69	60	66	63	64	55	51	-1.5	-29.8	Yes
Switzerland	53	52	52	54	53	52	52	51	-0.1	-3.2	No
Turkey	187	297	370	402	435	449	464	484	4.0	158.7	-
Ukraine	930	396	365	383	381	374	378	377	-3.7	-59.4	Yes
United Kingdom	767	674	576	594	561	541	499	475	-2.0	-38.1	Yes
United States	6 161	7 072	6 588	6 802	6 460	6 132	5 813	5 658	-0.4	-8.2	No
All Annex I Parties	18 822	17 720	16 785	17 305	16 891	16 534	16131	16043	-0.7	-14.7
Source:	UN/DESA, based on data of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) online database, available from http://unfccc.int/ghg_data/ghg_data_unfccc/data_sources/items/3816.php (accessed on 8 November 2012). UN/DESA. Annex tables World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013
Note:	Based on the historical data provided by the UNFCCC for the GHG emissions of the Annex 1 Parties up to 2010, DESA/DPAD extrapolated the data to 2013. The extrapolation is based on the following procedure:
	•	GHG/GDP intensity for each country is modelled using time-series regression techniques, to reflect the historical trend of GHG/GDP. While the trend for each individual country would usually be a complex function of such factors as change in structure of the economy, technology change, emission mitigation measures, as well as other economic and environmental policies, the time-series modelling could be considered a reduced form of a more complex structural modelling for the relations between economic output and GHG emissions.
	•	GHG/GDP intensity for each country is extrapolated for the out-of-sample period (2011-2014), using parameters derived from the time-series regression model.
	•	In some cases, the extrapolated GHG/GDP intensity for individual countries was adjusted to take account of announced emission control measures taken by Governments.
	•	The projected GHG emissions were arrived at using GDP estimates in accordance with the World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013 baseline forecast and the extrapolated GHG/GDP intensity.
	a	Without land use, land-use change and forestry.
	b	Estimated.
	c	Baseline scenario forecasts.
	d	Based on UN/DESA estimates of emission levels for 2012. There was no established commitments for Belarus, Malta and Turkey

http://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pn/2013/pn1307.htm

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr1318.pdf

EM PORTUGUÊS

http://www.imf.org/external/lang/portuguese/np/sec/pn/2013/pn1307p.pdf

World Economic Outlook Update

Gradual Upturn in Global Growth During 2013

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/update/01/index.htm

http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2013/update/01/pdf/0113.pdf

January 23, 2013

World Economic Situation and Prospects WESP

Data sources

Country classifications

Aggregation methodology

Global Economic Outlook (GEO) Database

List of tables

Developed economies

Economies in transition

Developing economies by region

Fuel-exporting countries

Economies by per capita GNI in 2011

Least developed countries

Heavily indebted poor countries

Small island developing States

Landlocked developing countries

Annex

List of Annex tables

Developed economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004-2014

Economies in transition: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004.2014

Developing economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004.2014

Developed economies: consumer price inflation, 2004.2014

Economies in transition: consumer price inflation, 2004.2014

Developing economies: consumer price inflation, 2004.2014

Developed economies: unemployment rates, 2004.2014

Economies in transition and developing economies: unemployment rates, 2003.2012

Major developed economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010.2012

Selected economies in transition: quarterly indicators of growth and inflation, 2010.2012

Major developing economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010.2012

Major developed economies: financial indicators, 2003.2012

Selected economies: real effective exchange rates, broad measurement, 2003.2012

Indices of prices of primary commodities, 2003.2012

World oil supply and demand, 2004.2013

World trade: changes in value and volume of exports and imports, by major country group, 2004.2014

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, summary table, 2003.2011

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, 2003.2011

Net ODA from major sources, by type, 1990.2011

Developed economies

Economies in transition

Developing economies by region

Fuel-exporting countries

Economies by per capita GNI in 2011 (a)

Least developed countries

Heavily indebted poor countries

Small island developing States

Landlocked developing countries

Annex

List of Annex Tables

Global Economic Outlook (GEO) Database

Developed economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004–2014

Economies in transition: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004–2014

Developing economies: rates of growth of real GDP, 2004-2014

Developed economies: consumer price inflation, 2004–2014

Economies in transition: consumer price inflation, 2004–2014

Developing economies: consumer price inflation, 2004-2014

Developed economies: unemployment rates,a, b 2004–2014

Economies in transition and developing economies: unemployment rates,a 2003-2012

Major developed economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010-2012

Selected economies in transition: quarterly indicators of growth and inflation, 2010-2012

Major developing economies: quarterly indicators of growth, unemployment and inflation, 2010-2012

Major developed economies: financial indicators, 2003–2012

Selected economies: real effective exchange rates, broad measurement,a 2003–2012

Indices of prices of primary commodities, 2003–2012

World oil supply and demand, 2004–2013

World trade:a changes in value and volume of exports and imports, by major country group, 2004–2014

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, summary table, 2003–2011

Balance of payments on current accounts, by country or country group, 2003–2011

Net ODA from major sources, by type, 1990-2011

Total net ODA flows from OECD Development Assistance Committee countries, by type, 2002–2011

Commitments and net flows of financial resources, by selected multilateral institutions, 2002–2011

Greenhouse gas emissionsa of Annex I Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1990–2014